Table 1 Clinicopathological parameters between training and validation cohorts
Parameters | Training cohort (n = 74) | Validation cohort (n = 32) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Â | Â | 0.739 | |
 Male | 51(48.11%) | 21(19.81%) |  | |
 Female | 23(21.70%) | 11(10.38%) |  | |
Age | Â | Â | 0.907 | |
 ≤ 60 | 54(50.94%) | 23 (21.70%) |  | |
 > 60 | 20(18.87%) | 9(8.49%) |  | |
Location (cm) | Â | Â | 0.246 | |
 ≤ 5 | 42(39.62%) | 22(20.75%) |  | |
 5–10 | 32(30.19%) | 10(9.43%) |  | |
Size (cm) | Â | Â | 0.077 | |
 ≤ 5 | 53(50.00%) | 28(26.42%) |  | |
 > 5 | 21(19.81%) | 4(3.77%) |  | |
TRG | Â | Â | 0.087 | |
 0 | 19(17.92%) | 7(6.60%) |  | |
 1 | 15(14.15%) | 10(9.43%) |  | |
 2 | 34(32.08%) | 10(9.43%) |  | |
 3 | 6(5.66%) | 5(4.72%) |  | |
Clinical stage | Â | Â | 0.344 | |
 II | 3(2.83%) | 3(2.83%) |  | |
 III | 55(51.89%) | 25(23.58%) |  | |
 IV | 16(15.09%) | 4(3.77%) |  | |
T stage | Â | Â | 0.881 | |
 T_2 | 5(4.72%) | 3(2.83%) |  | |
 T_3 | 49(46.23%) | 20(18.87%) |  | |
 T_4 | 20(18.87%) | 9(8.49%) |  | |
N stage | Â | Â | 0.867 | |
 N_0 | 15(14.15%) | 8(7.55%) |  | |
 N_1 | 19(17.92%) | 8(7.55%) |  | |
 N_2 | 39(36.79%) | 15(14.15%) |  | |
 N_3 | 1(0.94%) | 1(0.94%) |  | |
Distant-metastasis | Â | Â | 0.270 | |
 No | 58(54.72%) | 28(26.42%) |  | |
 Yes | 16(15.09%) | 4(3.77%) |  | |
CEA (ng/ml) | Â | Â | 0.008 | |
 ≤ 5 | 28(26.42%) | 21(19.81%) |  | |
 > 5 | 46(43.40%) | 11(10.38%) |  | |
CA199(ng/ml) | Â | Â | 0.529 | |
 ≤ 37 | 56(52.83%) | 26(24.53%) |  | |
 > 37 | 18(16.98%) | 6(5.66%) |  | |
CA242(U/ml) | Â | Â | 0.613 | |
 ≤ 20 | 50(47.17%) | 20(18.87%) |  | |
 > 20 | 24(22.64%) | 12(11.32%) |  | |