Training Cohort (n = 185) | P-Value | Testing Cohort 1 (n = 90) | P-Value | Testing Cohort 2 (n = 71) | P-Value | P-Value* | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MVI (-) = 121 | MVI ( +) = 64 | MVI (-) = 60 | MVI ( +) = 30 | MVI (-) = 48 | MVI ( +) = 23 | |||||
Clinical information | ||||||||||
Age,years | 54.40 ± 11.30 | 55.34 ± 11.09 | 0.589 | 56.03 ± 12.72 | 56.78 ± 10.27 | 0.764 | 57.88 ± 10.49 | 57.96 ± 6.42 | 0.973 | |
Gender | 0.794 | 0.113 | 0.478 | |||||||
Male | 102(84.3) | 53(82.8) | 49(81.7) | 20(66.7) | 39(75) | 17(69.6) | ||||
Female | 19(15.7) | 11(17.2) | 11(18.3) | 10(33.3) | 9(25) | 6(36.4) | ||||
Etiolgy of liver disease | 0.224 | 0.170 | 0.749 | |||||||
HBV | 106(87.6) | 51(79.7) | 47(78.4) | 25(41.7) | 34(70.8) | 18(78.3) | ||||
HCV | 3(2.5) | 1(1.5) | 2(3.3) | 3(5) | 3(6.3) | 3(13) | ||||
other | 12(9.9) | 12(18.8) | 11(18.3) | 2(3.3) | 11(22.9) | 2(8.7) | ||||
ALT | 0.867 | 0.454 | 0.08 | |||||||
< 40 | 76(62.8) | 41(64.1) | 31(51.7) | 18(60) | 25(52.1) | 17(73.9) | ||||
> 40 | 45(37.2) | 23(35.9) | 29(48.3) | 12(40) | 23(47.9) | 6(26.1) | ||||
AST | 0.209 | 1 | 0.678 | |||||||
< 35 | 74(61.2) | 33(51.6) | 30(50) | 15(50) | 29(60.4) | 15(65.2) | ||||
> 35 | 47(38.8) | 31(48.4) | 30(50) | 15(50) | 19(39.6) | 8(34.8) | ||||
ALP | 0.372 | 0.209 | 0.335 | |||||||
< 135 | 106(86.6) | 53(82.8) | 49(81.7) | 21(70) | 45(93.8) | 20(87) | ||||
> 135 | 15(13.4) | 11(17.2) | 11(18.3) | 9(30) | 3(6.3) | 3(13) | ||||
GGT | 0.624 | 0.371 | 0.265 | |||||||
< 60 | 80(66.1) | 40(62.5) | 32(53.3) | 13(43.3) | 29(60.4) | 17(73.9) | ||||
> 60 | 41(33.9) | 24(37.5) | 28(46.7) | 17(56.7) | 19(39.6) | 6(26.1) | ||||
ALB | 0.996 | 0.134 | 0.885 | |||||||
< 40 | 70(57.9) | 37(57.8) | 36(60) | 13(43.3) | 28(58.3) | 13(56.5) | ||||
> 40 | 51(42.1) | 27(42.2) | 24(40) | 17(56.7) | 20(41.7) | 10(43.5) | ||||
PT | 0.696 | 0.858 | ||||||||
< 13.5 | 110(90.9) | 60(93.8) | 47(78.3) | 23(76.7) | 43(89.6) | 18(78.3) | 0.199 | |||
> 13.5 | 11(9.1) | 4(6.2) | 13(21.7) | 7(23.3) | 5(10.4) | 5(21.7) | ||||
INR | 0.915 | 0.837 | 0.635 | |||||||
< 1.2 | 111(91.7) | 59(92.2) | 51(85) | 25(83.3) | 42(87.5) | 21(91.3) | ||||
> 1.2 | 10(8.3) | 5(7.8) | 9(15) | 5(16.7) | 6(12.5) | 2(8.7) | ||||
PLT | 0.841 | 0.371 | 0.128 | |||||||
< 125 | 51(42.1) | 26(40.6) | 28(46.7) | 17(56.7) | 16(33.3) | 12(52.2) | ||||
> 125 | 70(57.9) | 38(59.4) | 32(53.3) | 13(43.3) | 32(66.7) | 11(47.8) | ||||
TB | 0.422 | 0.551 | 0.994 | |||||||
< 20.4 | 88(72.7) | 50(78.1) | 30(50) | 17(56.7) | 25(52.1) | 12(52.2) | ||||
> 20.4 | 33(27.3) | 14(21.9) | 30(50) | 13(43.3) | 23(47.9) | 11(47.8) | ||||
Child–Pugh class | 0.132 | 0.273 | 0.456 | |||||||
A | 89(73.6) | 38(59.4) | 43(71.7) | 23(76.7) | 39(81.3) | 21(91.3) | ||||
B | 22(18.2) | 19(29.7) | 13(21.7) | 3(10) | 7(14.6) | 2(8.7) | ||||
C | 10(8.3) | 7(10.9) | 4(6.6) | 4(13.3) | 2(4.1) | 0(0) | ||||
AFP | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.01 | 0.015 | ||||||
< 20 | 71(58.7) | 22(34.4) | 34(56.7) | 6(20) | 26(54.2) | 4(17.4) | ||||
20–400 | 46(38) | 27(42.2) | 14(23.3) | 11(36.7) | 15(33.3) | 15(65.2) | ||||
> 400 | 4(3.3) | 15(23.4) | 12(20) | 13(43.3) | 7(14.6) | 4(17.4) | ||||
size | 33.01 ± 10.4 | 43.11 ± 11.99 | 0.002 | 31.58 ± 18.84 | 49.30 ± 23.15 | < 0.001 | 28.27 ± 13.56 | 43.87 ± 14.29 | < 0.001 | 0.03 |
Radiological Features | ||||||||||
Site | 0.286 | 0.232 | 0.047 | |||||||
Left lobe | 29(24) | 20(31.3) | 13(21.7) | 10(33.3) | 10(20.8) | 10(43.5) | ||||
Right lobe | 92(76) | 44(68.7) | 47(78.3) | 20(66.7) | 38(79.2) | 13(56.5) | ||||
Cirrhosis of the liver | 0.505 | 0.436 | 0.233 | |||||||
no | 34(28.1) | 21(32.8) | 12(20) | 4(13.3) | 14(29.2) | 10(43.5) | ||||
yes | 87(71.9) | 43(68.2) | 48(80) | 26(86.7) | 34(70.8) | 13(56.5) | ||||
ARE | 0.016 | 0.062 | 0.156 | 0.212 | ||||||
no-ring | 117(96.7) | 55(85.9) | 57(95) | 24(80) | 46(95.8) | 19(82.6) | ||||
ring | 4(3.3) | 9(14.1) | 3(5) | 6(20) | 2(4.2) | 4(17.4) | ||||
Radiological capsule | 0.208 | 0.52 | 0.594 | |||||||
yes | 37(30.6) | 14(21.9) | 20(33.3) | 8(26.7) | 11(22.9) | 4(17.4) | ||||
no | 84(69.4) | 50(78.1) | 40(66.7) | 22(73.3) | 37(71.1) | 19(82.6) | ||||
tumourmargins | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.001 | 0.015 | ||||||
smooth | 85(70.2) | 18(28.1) | 39(65) | 10(33.3) | 35(72.9) | 6(26.1) | ||||
non-smooth | 36(29.8) | 46(71.9) | 21(35) | 20(66.7) | 13(27.1) | 17(73.9) | ||||
internalarteries | 0.437 | 0.111 | 0.021 | |||||||
no | 95(78.5) | 47(73.4) | 44(73.3) | 17(56.7) | 41(85.4) | 14(66.7) | ||||
yes | 26(21.5) | 17(25.8) | 16(26.7) | 13(43.3) | 7(14.6) | 9(33.3) | ||||
hypoattenuatinghaloes | 0.208 | 0.255 | 0.126 | |||||||
no | 114(94.2) | 57(89.1) | 51(85) | 28(93.3) | 45(93.8) | 18(78.3) | ||||
yes | 7(5.8) | 7(10.9) | 9(15) | 2(6.7) | 3(6.3) | 5(21.7) | ||||
APE | < 0.001 | 0.048 | < 0.001 | 0.032 | ||||||
no | 105(86.8) | 37(57.8) | 55(91.7) | 23(76.7) | 43(89.6) | 12(52.2) | ||||
yes | 16(13.1) | 27(42.2) | 5(8.3) | 7(23.3) | 5(10.4) | 11(47.8) |