Table 2 The MRI imaging features of patients with different cut-off value of Ki-67

Diameter (≥ 5 cm)

N

18(51.4%)

46(53.5%)

0.837

N

29(60.4%)

35(47.9%)

0.179

N

45(59.2%)

19(42.2%)

0.070

P

17(48.6%)

40(46.5%)

P

19(39.6%)

38(52.1%)

P

31(40.8%)

26(57.8%)

Major features of HCC

 Non-rim APHE

N

5(14.3%)

20(23.3%)

0.269

N

7(14.6%)

18(24.7%)

0.181

N

17(22.4%)

8(17.8%)

0.547

0.948 (0.877–1.000)

P

30(85.7%)

66(76.7%)

P

41(85.4%)

55(75.3%)

P

59(77.6%)

37(82.2%)

 Nonperipheral washout

N

3(8.6%)

20(23.3%)

0.062

N

6(12.5%)

17(23.3%)

0.139

N

16(21.1%)

7(15.6%)

0.456

0.868 (0.755–0.981)

P

32(91.4%)

66(76.7%)

P

42(87.5%)

56(76.7%)

P

60(78.9%)

38(84.4%)

 Capsule enhancement

N

6(17.1%)

24(27.9%)

0.214

N

10(20.8%)

20(27.4%)

0.413

N

19(25.0%)

11(24.4%)

0.945

0.934 (0.861–1.000)

P

29(82.9%)

62(72.1%)

P

38(79.2%)

53(72.6%)

P

57(75.0%)

34(75.6%)

Ancillary features (AF) that favor HCC over non-HCC malignancies

 Non-enhanced capsule

N

32(91.4%)

74(86.0%)

0.415

N

40(83.3%)

66(90.4%)

0.248

N

65(85.5%)

41(91.1%)

0.368

0.792 (0.616–0.968)

P

3(8.6%)

12(14.0%)

P

8(16.7%)

7(9.6%)

P

11(14.5%)

4(8.9%)

 Nodule in nodule

N

17(48.6%)

29(33.7%)

0.127

N

23(47.9%)

23(31.5%)

0.069

N

39(51.3%)

7(15.6%)

 < 0.001

0.878 (0.790–0.966)

P

18(51.4%)

57(66.3%)

P

25(52.1%)

50(68.5%)

P

37(48.7%)

38(84.4%)

 Mosaic architecture

N

18(51.4%)

30(34.9%)

0.092

N

24(50.0%)

24(32.9%)

0.060

N

43(56.6%)

5(11.1%)

 < 0.001

0.898 (0.818–0.977)

P

17(48.6%)

56(65.1%)

P

24(50.0%)

49(67.1%)

P

33(43.4%)

40(88.9%)

 Blood products in mass

N

25(71.4%)

61(70.9%)

0.956

N

35(72.9%)

51(69.9%)

0.717

N

59(77.6%)

27(60.0%)

0.039

0.980 (0.941–1.000)

P

10(28.6%)

25(29.1%)

P

13(27.1%)

22(30.1%)

P

17(22.4%)

18(40.0%)

 Fat in mass, more than adjacent liver

N

30(85.7%)

71(82.6%)

0.672

N

38(79.2%)

63(86.3%)

0.301

N

63(82.9%)

38(84.4%)

0.824

0.908 (0.806–1.000)

P

5(14.3%)

15(17.4%)

P

10(20.8%)

10(13.7%)

P

13(17.1%)

7(15.6%)

AF favoring malignancies in general, not HCC in particular

 Mild to moderate T2 hyperintensity

N

0(0.0%)

3(3.5%)

0.263

N

0(0.0%)

3(4.1%)

0.155

N

0(0.0%)

3(6.7%)

0.023

0.853 (0.569–1.000)

P

35(100.0%)

83(96.5%)

P

48(100.0%)

70(95.9%)

P

76(100.0%)

42(93.3%)

 Restricted diffusion

N

0(0.0%)

2(2.3%)

0.363

N

0(0.0%)

2(2.7%)

0.248

N

1(1.3%)

1(2.2%)

0.705

0.954 (0.890–1.000)

P

35(100.0%)

84(97.7%)

P

48(100.0%)

71(97.3%)

P

75(98.7%)

44(97.8%)

 Corona enhancement

N

34(97.1%)

77(89.5%)

0.168

N

47(97.9%)

64(87.7%)

0.045

N

73(96.1%)

38(84.4%)

0.025

0.760 (0.559–0.961)

P

1(2.9%)

9(10.5%)

P

1(2.1%)

9(12.3%)

P

3(3.9%)

7(15.6%)

 Fat sparing in a solid mass

N

26(74.3%)

65(75.6%)

0.881

N

36(75.0%)

55(75.3%)

0.966

N

55(72.4%)

36(80.0%)

0.347

0.890 (0.814–1.000)

P

9(25.7%)

21(24.4%)

P

12(25.0%)

18(24.7%)

P

21(27.6%)

9(20.0%)

 Iron sparing in a solid mass

N

35(28.9%)

85(98.8%)

0.522

N

48(100.0%)

72(98.6%)

0.415

N

76(100.0%)

44(97.8%)

0.192

1.000 (1.000–1.000)

P

0(0.0%)

1(1.2%)

P

0(0.0%)

1(1.4%)

P

0(0.0%)

1(2.2%)

 Transitional phase hypointensity

N

0(0.0%)

5(5.8%)

0.145

N

1(2.1%)

4(5.5%)

0.359

N

2(2.6%)

3(6.7%)

0.281

0.905 (0.720–1.000)

P

35(100.0%)

81(94.2%)

P

47(97.9%)

69(94.5%)

P

74(97.4%)

42(93.3%)

 HBP hypointensity

N

0(0.0%)

4(4.7%)

0.194

N

1(2.1%)

3(4.1%)

0.542

N

2(2.6%)

2(4.4%)

0.590

0.853 (0.569–1.000)

P

35(100.0%)

82(95.3%)

P

47(97.9%)

70(95.9%)

P

74(97.4%)

43(95.6%)

LR-M features

 Rim APHE

N

35(100.0%)

74(86.0%)

0.020

N

48(100.0%)

61(83.6%)

0.003

N

71(93.4%)

38(84.4%)

0.110

0.783 (0.578–0.987)

P

0(0.0%)

12(14.0%)

P

0(0.0%)

12(16.4%)

P

5(6.6%)

7(15.6%)

 Peripheral “washout”

N

34(97.1%)

81(94.2%)

0.497

N

47(97.9%)

68(93.2%)

0.237

N

73(96.1%)

42(93.3%)

0.505

0.792 (0.512–1.000)

P

1(2.9%)

5(5.8%)

P

1(2.1%)

5(6.8%)

P

3(3.9%)

3(6.7%)

 Delayed central enhancement

N

35(100.0%)

81(94.2%)

0.145

N

48(100.0%)

68(93.2%)

0.064

N

74(97.4%)

42(93.3%)

0.281

0.885 (0.661–1.000)

P

0(0.0%)

5(5.8%)

P

0(0.0%)

5(6.8%)

P

2(2.6%)

3(6.7%)

 Targetoid restriction

N

35(100.0%)

74(86.0%)

0.020

N

46(95.8%)

63(86.3%)

0.086

N

69(90.8%)

40(88.9%)

0.735

0.914 (0.796–1.000)

P

0(0.0%)

12(14.0%)

P

2(4.2%)

10(13.7%)

P

7(9.2%)

5(11.1%)

 Targetoid TP

N

31(88.6%)

73(84.9%)

0.597

N

40(83.3%)

64(87.7%)

0.502

N

63(82.9%)

41(91.1%)

0.209

0.869 (0.744–0.995)

P

4(11.4%)

13(15.1%)

P

8(16.7%)

9(12.3%)

P

13(17.1%)

4(8.9%)

 Targetoid HBP

N

23(65.7%)

57(66.3%)

0.953

N

30(62.5%)

50(68.5%)

0.496

N

46(60.5%)

34(75.6%)

0.091

0.909 (0.832–0.987)

P

12(34.3%)

29(33.7%)

P

18(37.5%)

23(31.5%)

P

30(39.5%)

11(24.4%)

 Infiltrative appearance

N

13(37.1%)

32(37.2%)

0.995

N

21(43.8%)

24(32.9%)

0.226

N

35(46.1%)

10(22.2%)

0.009

0.911 (0.835–0.987)

P

22(62.9%)

54(62.8%)

P

27(56.2%)

49(67.1%)

P

41(53.9%)

35(77.8%)

 Marked diffusion restriction

N

6(17.1%)

23(26.7%)

0.262

N

10(20.8%)

19(26.0%)

0.513

N

16(21.1%)

13(28.9%)

0.329

0.796 (0.406–1.000)

P

29(82.9%)

63(73.3%)

P

38(79.2%)

54(74.0%)

P

60(78.9%)

32(71.1%)

 Necrosis or severe ischemia

N

16(45.7%)

38(44.2%)

0.878

N

23(47.9%)

31(42.5%)

0.555

N

37(48.7%)

17(37.8%)

0.243

0.967 (0.921–1.000)

P

19(54.3%)

48(55.8%)

P

25(52.1%)

42(57.5%)

P

39(51.3%)

28(62.2%)

Other imaging features

 Intratumoral artery

N

20(57.1%)

58(67.4%)

0.283

N

28(58.3%)

50(68.5%)

0.253

N

51(67.1%)

27(60.0%)

0.430

0.888 (0.802–0.975)

P

15(42.9%)

28(32.6%)

P

20(41.7%)

23(31.5%)

P

25(32.9%)

18(40.0%)

 Satellite nodules

N

26(74.3%)

52(60.5%)

0.150

N

36(75.0%)

42(57.5%)

0.050

N

52(68.4%)

26(57.8%)

0.237

0.907 (0.828–0.987)

P

9(25.7%)

34(39.5%)

P

12(25.0%)

31(42.5%)

P

24(31.6%)

19(42.2%)

 Portal and hepatic vein tumor thrombus

N

31(88.6%)

66(76.7%)

0.139

N

43(89.6%)

54(74.0%)

0.035

N

65(85.5%)

32(71.1%)

0.055

0.974 (0.922–1.000)

P

4(11.4%)

20(23.3%)

P

5(10.4%)

19(26.0%)

P

11(14.5%)

13(28.9%)

 Peritumoral enhancement

N

35(100.0%)

75(87.2%)

0.026

N

47(97.9%)

63(86.3%)

0.030

N

72(94.7%)

38(84.4%)

0.057

0.948 (0.846–1.000)

P

0(0.0%)

11(12.8%)

P

1(2.1%)

10(13.7%)

P

4(5.3%)

7(15.6%)

 Lymph node metastasis

N

34(97.1%)

82(95.3%)

0.653

N

47(97.9%)

69(94.5%)

0.359

N

74(97.4%)

42(93.3%)

0.281

0.885 (0.661–1.000)

P

1(2.9%)

4(4.7%)

P

1(2.1%)

4(5.5%)

P

2(2.6%)

3(6.7%)

 Ascites

N

32(91.4%)

73(84.9%)

0.335

N

40(83.3%)

65(89.0%)

0.365

N

66(86.8%)

39(86.7%)

0.978

0.963 (0.891–1.000)

P

3(8.6%)

13(15.1%)

P

8(16.7%)

8(11.0%)

P

10(13.2%)

6(13.3%)