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Table 3 Visual assessment on 18F-FDG PET: affected lobes with regions of hyper and/or hypometabolism and increased uptake in basal ganglia

From: Enhancing the clinical diagnosis of the acute and subacute phases of autoimmune encephalitis and predicting the risk factors: the potential advantages of 18F-FDG PET/CT

Affected lobes

Anti-NMDAR

Anti-GABABR

Anti-LGI1

Anti-HU

Anti-GAD65

Anti-PNMA2 + /Ma2/ta

Anti-Amphiphysin

A: Patient details

 Total cases

N = 2

N = 4

N = 6

N = 7

N = 3

N = 1

N = 1

  Frontal anomalies

2

1

1

5

0

0

0

  Temporal anomalies

2

4

3

4

2

1

1

  Parietal anomalies

2

0

0

0

0

1

0

  Occipital anomalies

1

0

1

2

2

0

1

  Increased basal ganglia

0

1

5

5

2

1

1

B: Statistical analysis

 Frontal lobes

Anti-NMDAR

Anti-GABABR

Anti-LGI1

Anti-HU

Anti-GAD65

  

  Anti-GABABR

p = 0.40

      

  Anti-LGI1

p = 0.464

p = 1.00

     

  Anti-HU

p = 1.00

p = 0.242

p = 0.103

    

  Anti-GAD65

p = 0.40

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

p = 0.167

   

  Anti-the certain group

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

p = 0.167

p = 1.00

  

 Temporal lobes

Anti-NMDAR

Anti-GABABR

Anti-LGI1

Anti-HU

Anti-GAD65

  

  Anti-GABABR

p = 1.00

      

  Anti-LGI1

p = 0.464

p = 0.20

     

  Anti-HU

p = 0.50

p = 0.234

p = 1.00

    

  Anti-GAD65

p = 1.00

p = 0.429

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

   

  Anti-the certain group

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

p = 0.50

p = 0.167

p = 1.00

  

 Parietal lobes

Anti-NMDAR

Anti-GABABR

Anti-LGI1

Anti-HU

Anti-GAD65

  

  Anti-GABABR

p = 0.067

      

  Anti-LGI1

p = 0.036*

p = 1.00

     

  Anti-HU

p = 0.083

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

    

  Anti-GAD65

p = 0.1

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

   

  Anti-the certain group

p = 0.33

p = 1.00

p = 0.50

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

  

 Occipital lobes

Anti-NMDAR

Anti-GABABR

Anti-LGI1

Anti-HU

Anti-GAD65

  

  Anti-GABABR

p = 0.33

      

  Anti-LGI1

p = 0.464

p = 0.048*

     

  Anti-HU

p = 1.00

p = 0.061

p = 1.00

    

  Anti-GAD65

p = 1.00

p = 0.429

p = 0.226

p = 0.50

   

  Anti-the certain group

p = 1.00

p = 0.333

p = 0.464

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

  

 Basial ganglia

Anti-NMDAR

Anti-GABABR

Anti-LGI1

Anti-HU

Anti-GAD65

  

  Anti-GABABR

p = 1.00

      

  Anti-LGI1

p = 0.107

p = 0.190

     

  Anti-HU

p = 0.167

p = 0.242

p = 1.00

    

  Anti-GAD65

p = 0.40

p = 0.486

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

   

  Anti-the certain group

p = 0.333

p = 0.40

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

p = 1.00

  
  1. Abbreviations: 18F-FDG PET 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography, NMDAR N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, LGI1 leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1, CASPR2 contacting-associated protein-2, GABABR gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor, AMPAR α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor, GAD65 glutamic acid decarboxylase
  2. * p=0.036*: the metabolism results through visual assessment of parietal lobes was statistically significant between anti-NMDAR group and anti-LGI1 group. p=0.048*: The metabolism results through visual assessment of occipital lobes was statistically significant between anti-GABABR group and anti-LGI1group