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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients in training and validation set (n = 1209)

From: A radiomics based approach using adrenal gland and periadrenal fat CT images to allocate COVID-19 health care resources fairly

Variable

 

Training set

   

Validation set

 

Moderate pneumonia

Severe pneumonia

P

 

Moderate pneumonia

Severe pneumonia

 

P

P

Age (yr,mean ± SD )

57.251 ± 13.660

63.121 ± 12.390

0.000

 

58.396 ± 12.299

65.667 ± 12.195

 

0.000

0.011

Sex n(%)

  

0.476

    

0.069

0.238

       

^

  

Men

270(50.2%)

226(52.7%)

  

64(47.8%)

65(60.2%)

   

women

268(49.8%)

203(47.3%)

  

70(52.2%)

43(39.8%)

   

IL-6

3.164 ± 4.940

16.792 ± 100.663

0.000

 

2.613 ± 2.513

7.180 ± 16.006

 

0.000

0.003

WBC(109/L)

5.966 ± 1.886

6.384 ± 2.476

0.000

 

5.647 ± 1.941

6.572 ± 2.609

 

0.003

0.243

 L(109/L)

1.646 ± 0.601

1.423 ± 0.680

0.000

 

1.434 ± 0.520

1.150 ± 0.568

 

0.000

0.000

 N(109/L)

3.703 ± 1.638

4.320 ± 2.388

0.000

 

3.617 ± 1.781

4.852 ± 2.564

 

0.000

0.323

HB(g/L)

125.507 ± 17.062

117.773 ± 23.603

0.000

 

122.284 ± 14.681

117.082 ± 23.804

 

0.096

0.021

RBC(1012/L)

4.066 ± 0.547

3.869 ± 0.605

0.000

 

3.948 ± 0.497

3.876 ± 0.559

 

0.208

0.043

PLT(109/L)

231.213 ± 72.781

231.301 ± 85.677

0.727

 

265.530 ± 88.988

232.269 ± 78.348

 

0.012

0.001

CRP(µg/L)

3.211 ± 3.393

5.002 ± 4.483

0.000

 

5.008 ± 3.962

7.478 ± 3.727

 

0.000

0.000

PCT(µg/L)

1.877 ± 2.647

1.498 ± 2.434

0.003

 

1.396 ± 2.420

1.242 ± 2.247

 

0.020

0.051

PT(s)

11.778 ± 2.825

12.596 ± 4.826

0.000

 

12.236 ± 2.154

12.547 ± 3.287

 

0.042

0.100

TT(s)

13.549 ± 3.623

14.692 ± 5.088

0.000

 

14.974 ± 3.236

15.086 ± 3.892

 

0.071

0.000

FIB (g/L)

3.408 ± 1.095

3.398 ± 0.941

0.097

 

3.373 ± 0.925

3.768 ± 1.010

 

0.000

0.002

DD (mg/L)

1.256 ± 1.937

1.720 ± 2.516

0.000

 

1.479 ± 2.038

3.249 ± 4.969

 

0.000

0.000

BS (mmol/L)

5.487 ± 2.123

6.031 ± 2.747

0.000

 

5.295 ± 1.660

6.053 ± 2.656

 

0.005

0.880

ALT (u/L)

32.599 ± 35.669

33.361 ± 35.745

0.563

 

30.765 ± 23.527

37.676 ± 30.337

 

0.087

0.039

AST (u/L)

22.623 ± 13.871

25.920 ± 19.039

0.008

 

24.469 ± 17.138

33.966 ± 45.357

 

0.009

0.007

TP (g/L)

65.851 ± 7.689

63.932 ± 8.994

0.000

 

62.295 ± 8.667

61.614 ± 6.204

 

0.059

0.000

ALB (g/L)

38.369 ± 4.747

36.289 ± 5.404

0.000

 

35.805 ± 5.214

33.883 ± 3.949

 

0.000

0.000

TBil (µmol/L)

10.544 ± 6.458

10.597 ± 5.935

0.881

 

9.417 ± 4.131

12.193 ± 7.718

 

0.000

0.718

D-Bil (µmol/L)

3.734 ± 3.974

4.063 ± 3.767

0.028

 

3.494 ± 1.945

5.095 ± 4.819

 

0.000

0.083

BUN (mmol/L)

4.672 ± 1.493

5.168 ± 2.408

0.006

 

4.471 ± 3.139

4.881 ± 2.415

 

0.143

0.000

Cre (µmol/L)

66.616 ± 17.565

68.839 ± 27.524

0.938

 

71.733 ± 54.602

70.131 ± 23.705

 

0.578

0.913

BNP (pg/ml)

14.952 ± 63.098

40.715 ± 116.651

0.000

 

14.357 ± 38.344

49.172 ± 90.294

 

0.000

0.174

Mb(µg/L)

6.673 ± 5.176

11.440 ± 35.630

0.104

 

8.234 ± 19.045

34.481 ± 219.515

 

0.000

0.956

Tn(µg/L)

3.279 ± 2.815

2.879 ± 2.844

0.278

 

3.493 ± 2.782

2.696 ± 2.870

 

0.057

0.413

LDH (u/L)

172.169 ± 58.910

213.429 ± 87.814

0.000

 

193.202 ± 58.210

269.167 ± 131.487

 

0.000

0.000

CK (u/L)

57.192 ± 41.249

58.817 ± 75.964

0.003

 

55.940 ± 68.155

85.376 ± 133.713

 

0.364

0.423

CK-MB (u/L)

9.233 ± 6.598

10.957 ± 9.737

0.001

 

8.793 ± 4.359

10.668 ± 8.066

 

0.030

0.905

  1. Clinical characteristics and serum biomarkers of patients in the training and internal validation set. IL-6 = Interleukin 6; WBC = white blood cell count, L = lymphocyte count, N = neutrophil count, HB = hemoglobin; RBC = red blood cell; PLT = blood platelet count; CRP = C reactive protein; PCT = procalcitonin; PT = prothrombin Time; TT = thrombin time; FIB = fibrinogen; DD = D dimer; BS = blood sugar; ALT = alanine transaminase; AST = glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; TP = total protein; ALB = albumin; TBil = total bilirubin; D-Bil = direct bilirubin; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; Cre = creatinine; BNP = B-type natriuretic peptide; Mb = myoglobin; Tn = troponin; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase; CK = creatine kinase; CK-MB = creatine kinase-MB
  2. Note: P-value < 0.05 was considered as a significant difference. Differences in clinical factors and serum biomarkers between moderate and severe patient sets were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test or Student’s t-test for continuous variables depending on the standard test and the χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables