Table 1 Patient demographics of the development and validation cohorts
Variable | Development Cohort: Institution 1 (n = 275) | Validation cohort | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Institution 2 (n = 201) | Institution 3 (n = 181) | |||
Median age at biopsy, yrs (IQR) | 73 (66, 78) | 71 (67, 76) | 74 (69, 78) | 0.130* |
Family history of prostate cancer, No. (%) |  |  |  | 0.500× |
 Positive | 115 (42%) | 94 (47%) | 83 (46%) |  |
 Negative | 129 (47%) | 80 (40%) | 80 (44%) |  |
 Unknown | 31 (11%) | 27 (13%) | 18 (9.9%) |  |
DRE findings, No. (%) |  |  |  |  > 0.900× |
 Normal | 127 (46%) | 93 (46%) | 90 (50%) |  |
 Abnormal | 121 (44%) | 86 (43%) | 76 (42%) |  |
 Unknown | 27 (9.8%) | 21 (10%) | 15 (8.3%) |  |
Median PSA, ng/ml (IQR) | 13 (7, 24) | 12 (8, 19) | 13 (8, 22) | 0.700* |
Median prostate volume, ml (IQR) | 50 (33, 71) | 57 (40, 80) | 58 (42, 78) | 0.014* |
Median PSAd, ng/ml/ml (IQR) | 0.25 (0.13, 0.49) | 0.19 (0.11, 0.41) | 0.20 (0.11, 0.44) | 0.031* |
PI-RADS v2.1 category, No. (%) |  |  |  | 0.058× |
 1 | 58 (21%) | 24 (12%) | 24 (13%) |  |
 2 | 43 (16%) | 38 (19%) | 42 (23%) |  |
 3 | 53 (19%) | 56 (28%) | 47 (26%) |  |
 4 | 62 (23%) | 33 (16%) | 27 (15%) |  |
 5 | 59 (21%) | 50 (25%) | 41 (23%) |  |
Pathology results |  |  |  | 0.078× |
 No PCa | 142 (51%) | 98 (49%) | 87 (48%) |  |
 ISUP grade 1 | 36 (13%) | 26 (13%) | 21 (12%) |  |
 ISUP grade 2 | 53 (19%) | 36 (18%) | 26 (14%) |  |
 ISUP grade 3 | 19 (7%) | 15 (7%) | 22 (12%) |  |
 ISUP grade 4 | 16 (6%) | 17 (9%) | 12 (6%) |  |
 ISUP grade 5 | 9 (3%) | 9 (4%) | 13 (7%) |  |