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Table 2 Univariate analysis of clinical and multimodal US characteristics for ETE in the training set

From: Preoperative prediction of extrathyroidal extension: radiomics signature based on multimodal ultrasound to papillary thyroid carcinoma

Characteristics

Non-ETE (n = 151)

ETE (n = 33)

P Value

Gender

  

0.075

Male

29 (15.8%)

11 (6.0%)

 

Female

122 (66.3%)

22 (12.0%)

 

Age (years)

41.0 (33.0, 51.0)

44.0 (36.0, 52.5)

0.514

Tg

  

0.030

Low

34 (18.5%)

3 (1.6%)

 

Normal

112 (60.9%)

26 (14.1%)

 

High

5 (2.7%)

4 (2.2%)

 

TgAb

  

0.640

Normal

118 (64.1%)

27 (14.7%)

 

Abnormal

33 (17.9%)

6 (3.3%)

 

TPOAb

  

0.206

Normal

118 (64.1%)

29 (15.8%)

 

Abnormal

33 (17.9%)

4 (2.2%)

 

Maximum size (cm)

0.70 (0.60,1.00)

1.20 (0.85,1.55)

< 0.001

Location

  

0.119

Isthmus

4 (2.2%)

3 (1.6%)

 

Left Lobe

73 (39.7%)

18 (9.8%)

 

Right Lobe

74 (40.2%)

12 (6.5%)

 

US-LNM

  

0.047

No

124 (67.4%)

22 (12.0%)

 

Yes

27 (14.7%)

11 (6.0%)

 

Degree of contact

  

< 0.001

< 25%

93 (50.5%)

7 (3.8%)

 

25-50%

46 (25.0%)

22 (12.0%)

 

>50%

12 (6.5%)

4 (2.2%)

 

Angle of contact

  

< 0.001

None

70 (38.0%)

3 (1.6%)

 

Acute

63 (34.2%)

26 (14.1%)

 

Straight or obtuse

18 (9.8%)

4 (2.2%)

 

Bulging

  

0.014

No

118 (64.1%)

19 (10.3%)

 

Yes

33 (17.9%)

14 (7.6%)

 

Capsule echogenic loss

  

< 0.001

No

125 (67.9%)

16 (8.7%)

 

Yes

26 (14.1%)

17 (9.2%)

 

CDFI vascularity extending

  

0.419

No

143 (77.7%)

30 (16.3%)

 

Yes

8 (4.4%)

3 (1.6%)

 

SMI vascularity extending

  

0.009

No

145 (78.8%)

27 (14.7%)

 

Yes

6 (3.3%)

6 (3.3%)

 

Enhancement extending

  

0.082

No

145 (78.8%)

29 (15.8%)

 

Yes

6 (3.3%)

4 (2.2%)

 

Discontinuous capsular enhancement

  

< 0.001

No

127 (69.0%)

18 (9.8%)

 

Yes

24 (13.0%)

15 (8.2%)

 
  1. Data are presented as median with interquartile range and number where applicable
  2. US, ultrasound; ETE, extrathyroidal extension; Tg, thyroglobulin; TPOAb, thyroid peroxidase antibody; TgAb, thyroglobulin antibody; US, ultrasound; CDFI, colour Doppler flow imaging; SMI, superb microvascular imaging; US-LNM, cervical lymph node metastasis on ultrasound