Fig. 2

Representative images of patients diagnosed with BCs. (A, B), Case No. 1 with the post-operative diagnosis of a diaphragmatic bronchogenic cyst. Pre-operative endoscopic examination revealed a slight mucosal bulge in the lower esophagus near the dentate line (A). A well-defined oval hypoechoic mass with homogeneous internal echoes outside the wall of the bulging esophagus (13.9*19.6 mm in cross-section) was detected via the subsequent ultrasound microprobe examination and was suspected to be attached to the intrinsic muscular layer of the esophagus (B); (C), Case No. 2 with a post-operative diagnosis of a retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst. Pre-operative ultrasound endoscopy found a smooth cystic mass outside the gastric wall without an echogenic signal (29.9 * 38.8 mm in cross-section); (D, E) Case No. 3 with a post-operative diagnosis of an intraspinal bronchogenic cyst. Pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine showed a cystic occupying lesion in the spinal canal near the T1 and T2 vertebrae (red arrows)