Table 3 Comparison of significant DCE-MRI quantitative perfusion parameters and HA features between the EMVI-positive and EMVI-negative groups

K ^trans/min⁻¹

Mean

0.675 ± 0.278

0.564 ± 0.247

0.013 *

Median

0.723 ± 0.412

0.672 ± 0.359

0.130

Maximum

1.564 ± 0.973

1.429 ± 0.827

0.206

Minimum

0.126 ± 0.079

0.113 ± 0.062

0.239

P10

0.171 ± 0.080

0.112 ± 0.056

0.135

P90

1.059 ± 0.663

0.981 ± 0.540

0.257

Skewness

1.320 ± 0.338

0.897 ± 0.282

0.001*

Kurtosis

2.341 ± 0.642

1.281 ± 0.562

0.000*

Uniformity

0.359 ± 0.163

0.311 ± 0.140

0.057

Energy

0.426 ± 0.159

0.482 ± 0.112

0.079

Entropy

1.575 ± 0.532

0.832 ± 0.546

0.002*

Variance

0.923 ± 0.412

0.872 ± 0.359

0.330

V _e

Mean

0.446 ± 0.102

0.408 ± 0.117

0.025*

Median

0.507 ± 0.253

0.473 ± 0.220

0.217

Maximum

0.987 ± 0.574

0.795 ± 0.501

0.033*

Minimum

0.121 ± 0.072

0.103 ± 0.062

0.231

P10

0.187 ± 0.107

0.124 ± 0.084

0.108

P90

0.886 ± 0.514

0.735 ± 0.498

0.436

Skewness

2.153 ± 1.224

1.962 ± 0.986

0.319

Kurtosis

1.751 ± 0.780

1.812 ± 0.936

0.236

Uniformity

0.634 ± 0.278

0.583 ± 0.184

0.243

Energy

0.784 ± 0.276

0.823 ± 0.314

0.210

Entropy

1.862 ± 0.907

2.093 ± 1.045

0.126

Variance

1.129 ± 0.547

1.037 ± 0.498

0.094

K _ep /min⁻¹

Mean

1.487 ± 0.512

1.546 ± 0.423

0.321

Median

1.193 ± 0.673

1.233 ± 0.872

0.107

Maximum

2.512 ± 1.453

2.112 ± 1.122

0.116

Minimum

0.395 ± 0.182

0.342 ± 0.156

0.532

P10

0.415 ± 0.223

0.403 ± 0.198

0.232

P90

2.173 ± 1.358

1.872 ± 0.104

0.354

Skewness

3.369 ± 1.903

3.103 ± 1.554

0.426

Kurtosis

2.112 ± 1.227

2.342 ± 1.754

0.576

Uniformity

1.683 ± 0.891

1.532 ± 1.003

0.422

Energy

0.690 ± 0.314

0.797 ± 0.336

0.066

Entropy

1.094 ± 0.558

1.139 ± 0.683

0.073

Variance

1.983 ± 1.127

1.763 ± 1.089

0.094