Fig. 1

a Data from a 64-year-old female patient with a change in bowel habits lasting 8 months. The tumour was quasi-round, located in the head of the pancreas, showed restricted, bifurcated, and extruded growth, and displayed ossification on noncontrast CT scans, with a CT value of approximately 278.4 HU. b Data from a 65-year-old female patient with abdominal pain and chronic pancreatitis lasting 11 months. The pancreas was enlarged, and the tumour was indistinct on noncontrast CT scans. c Data from a 68-year-old male patient with diarrhoea and black stool. The tumour was located in the gastric antrum, was quasi-round and cystic-solid, and showed restricted, bifurcated, and extruded growth on noncontrast CT scans