Table 4 Experiment 1- Diagnostic performance of the CNNs and radiologists

Axial ADC map

CNN

0.94 (0.87–0.98)

0.87 (0.79–0.91)

0.91 (0.83–0.95)

0.95 (0.91–1.00)

–

Reader1

0.71 (0.56–0.83)

0.85 (0.71–0.94)

0.77 (0.68–0.85)

0.78 (0.70–0.86)

 < 0.001*

Reader2

0.67 (0.52–0.79)

0.87 (0.74–0.95)

0.76 (0.67–0.84)

0.77 (0.69–0.85)

 < 0.001*

Reader3

0.77 (0.63–0.87)

0.78 (0.63–0.87)

0.77 (0.68–0.85)

0.77 (0.69–0.86)

 < 0.001*

Axial T2WI

CNN

0.90 (0.83–0.95)

0.83 (0.74–0.88)

0.87 (0.79–0.92)

0.90 (0.84–0.96)

–

Reader1

0.73 (0.58–0.84)

0.96 (0.85–1.00)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.77–0.91)

0.220

Reader2

0.61 (0.46–0.74)

0.94 (0.82–0.99)

0.76 (0.67–0.84)

0.77 (0.70–0.85)

0.015*

Reader3

0.73 (0.58–0.84)

0.91 (0.79–0.98)

0.81 (0.72–0.89)

0.82 (0.75–0.89)

0.100

Sagittal T2WI

CNN

0.90 (0.82–0.95)

0.80 (0.72–0.86)

0.86 (0.77–0.91)

0.88 (0.81–0.95)

–

Reader1

0.69 (0.54–0.81)

1.00 (0.89–1.00)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.78–0.91)

0.457

Reader2

0.77 (0.63–0.87)

0.94 (0.82–0.99)

0.85 (0.76–0.91)

0.85 (0.78–0.92)

0.574

Reader3

0.75 (0.60–0.86)

0.87 (0.74–0.95)

0.80 (0.71–0.88)

0.81 (0.73–0.89)

0.167

Axial CE-T1WI

CNN

0.84 (0.71–0.93)

0.89 (0.76–0.96)

0.87 (0.78–0.93)

0.93 (0.87–0.98)

–

Reader1

0.75 (0.60–0.86)

0.94 (0.82–0.99)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.77–0.91)

0.006*

Reader2

0.77 (0.63–0.87)

0.91 (0.79–0.98)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.77–0.91)

0.002*

Reader3

0.77 (0.63–0.87)

0.91 (0.79–0.98)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.77–0.91)

0.014*

Sagittal CE-T1WI

CNN

0.90 (0.83–0.95)

0.83 (0.74–0.88)

0.87 (0.79–0.92)

0.90 (0.84–0.97)

–

Reader1

0.78 (0.65–0.89)

0.94 (0.82–0.99)

0.86 (0.77–0.92)

0.86 (0.79–0.93)

0.336

Reader2

0.73 (0.58–0.84)

0.96 (0.85–1.00)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.77–0.91)

0.173

Reader3

0.84 (0.71–0.93)

0.87 (0.74–0.95)

0.86 (0.77–0.92)

0.86 (0.79–0.93)

0.341

Combined axial T2WI + ADC map

CNN

0.82 (0.69–0.92)

0.87 (0.74–0.95)

0.85 (0.76–0.91)

0.93 (0.88–0.98)

–

Reader1

0.73 (0.58–0.84)

0.96 (0.85–1.00)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.58 (0.48–0.68)

 < 0.001*

Reader2

0.84 (0.71–0.93)

0.98 (0.89–1.00)

0.91 (0.83–0.96)

0.91 (0.86–0.97)

0.598

Reader3

0.88 (0.76–0.96)

0.87 (0.74–0.95)

0.88 (0.79–0.93)

0.88 (0.81–0.94)

0.196

Combined axial T2WI + CE-T1WI

CNN

0.84 (0.71–0.93)

0.91 (0.79–0.98)

0.88 (0.79–0.93)

0.89 (0.83–0.96)

–

Reader1

0.80 (0.67–0.90)

0.98 (0.89–1.00)

0.89 (0.81–0.94)

0.89 (0.83–0.95)

0.943

Reader2

0.80 (0.67–0.90)

0.96 (0.85–1.00)

0.88 (0.79–0.93)

0.88 (0.82–0.94)

0.720

Reader3

0.92 (0.81–0.98)

0.85 (0.71–0.94)

0.89 (0.81–0.94)

0.89 (0.82–0.95)

0.839

Combined sagittal T2WI + CE-T1WI

CNN

0.94 (0.84–0.99)

0.74 (0.59–0.86)

0.85 (0.76–0.91)

0.89 (0.82–0.95)

–

Reader1

0.80 (0.67–0.90)

0.98 (0.89–1.00)

0.89 (0.81–0.94)

0.89 (0.83–0.95)

0.890

Reader2

0.69 (0.54–0.81)

1.00 (0.89–1.00)

0.84 (0.75–0.90)

0.84 (0.78–0.91)

0.375

Reader3

0.86 (0.74–0.94)

0.87 (0.74–0.95)

0.87 (0.78–0.93)

0.87 (0.80–0.94)

0.667

Combined axial T2WI + ADC map + CE-T1WI

CNN

0.80 (0.67–0.90)

0.80 (0.66–0.91)

0.80 (0.71–0.88)

0.87 (0.80–0.94)

–

Reader1

0.71 (0.56–0.83)

1.00 (0.89–1.00)

0.85 (0.76–0.91)

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

0.675

Reader2

0.67 (0.52–0.79)

1.00 (0.89–1.00)

0.83 (0.73–0.89)

0.83 (0.77–0.90)

0.406

Reader3

0.78 (0.65–0.89)

0.94 (0.82–0.99)

0.86 (0.77–0.92)

0.86 (0.79–0.93)

0.813