Table 3 Univariate logistic regression analysis of features for differentiating COVID-19 patients and non-COVID patients in Primary cohort

Clinical characteristics

Age, mean ± SD

49.29 ± 17.49

44.75 ± 14.82

− 0.02

0.98

0.037*

Gender, male/female

50/32

84/73

− 0.31

0.74

0.270

Epidemiological history^#

 Direct contact

1 (1.22%)

68 (43.31%)

4.13

61.89

 < 0.001*

 Indirect contact

3 (3.66%)

39 (24.84%)

2.16

8.70

 < 0.001*

 None contact

78 (95.12%)

50 (31.85%)

− 3.73

0.02

 < 0.001*

Symptom

 Fever

42 (51.22%)

126 (80.25%)

1.35

3.87

 < 0.001*

 Cough

24 (29.27%)

82 (52.23%)

0.47

1.60

0.084

 Chest distress

9 (10.98%)

18 (11.46%)

0.05

1.05

0.910

 Diarrhea

1 (1.22%)

4 (2.55%)

0.75

2.12

0.505

 Anorexia

1 (1.22%)

5 (2.55%)

0.75

2.12

0.505

Laboratory Test, mean ± SD

 WBC, × 10⁹/L

8.72 ± 4.15

5.068 ± 1.80

− 0.54

0.58

 < 0.001*

 Lymphocyte count, × 10⁹/L

1.42 ± 0.68

1.18 ± 0.47

− 0.77

0.46

0.002*

 LDH, U/L

231.78 ± 109.50

250.66 ± 72.02

0.003

1.00

0.114

 CRP, mg/L

31.08 ± 40.56

23.06 ± 29.40

− 0.01

0.99

0.089

 PCT, ng/mL

0.91 ± 4.28

0.07 ± 0.13

− 3.56

0.03

0.002*

 ALT, U/L

47.80 ± 32.60

38.51 ± 61.19

− 0.003

1.00

0.226

 AST, U/L

44.95 ± 40.05

34.38 ± 43.01

− 0.01

0.99

0.091

Imaging manifestation

Involved lobes

 Right Upper Lobe

35 (42.68%)

109 (69.43%)

1.12

3.05

 < 0.001*

 Right Middle Lobe

36 (43.90%)

93 (59.24%)

0.62

1.86

0.025*

 Right Lower Lobe

48 (58.54%)

131 (83.44%)

1.27

3.57

 < 0.001*

 Left Upper Lobe

36 (43.90%)

107 (68.15%)

1.01

2.73

0.001*

 Left Lower Lobe

42 (52.44%)

123 (78.34%)

1.62

5.03

 < 0.001*

Main distribution

 Anterior Part of Lungs

19 (23.17%)

25 (15.92%)

− 0.47

0.63

0.172

 Posterior Part of Lungs

45 (54.88%)

123 (78.34%)

1.06

2.88

 < 0.001*

Location of lesions^#

 Peripheral

49 (59.76%)

109 (69.43%)

0.43

1.53

0.135

 Central

12 (14.63%)

4 (2.55%)

− 1.88

0.15

0.002*

 Both

21 (25.61%)

44 (28.02%)

0.12

1.13

0.690

Extent of lesions^#

 Unifocal

41 (50.00%)

17 (10.83%)

− 2.11

0.12

 < 0.001*

 Multi-focal

28 (34.15%)

113 (71.97%)

1.60

4.95

 < 0.001*

 Diffuse

13 (15.85%)

27 (17.20%)

0.10

1.10

0.792

Extent score

4.41 ± 5.32

5.48 ± 3.59

0.07

1.07

0.072

Density of lesions^#

 GGO

35 (42.68%)

42 (26.75%)

− 0.71

0.49

0.013*

 Mixed (Mainly GGO)

26 (31.70%)

72 (45.86(%)

0.60

1.82

0.036*

 Mixed (Mainly Consolidation)

18 (21.95%)

39 (24.84%)

0.16

1.18

0.619

 Consolidation

3 (3.66%)

4 (2.54%)

− 0.37

0.69

0.631

Shape of lesions^#

 Nodular

0 (0%)

1 (0.63%)

13.92

1,113,402.31

0.987

 Linear

0 (0%)

5 (3.18%)

14.95

3,106,188.55

0.982

 Patchy

56 (68.29%)

106 (66.88%)

− 0.07

0.94

0.825

 Large patchy

26 (31.71%)

46 (29.30%)

− 0.11

0.89

0.700

Halo sign

22 (26.83%)

45 (28.66%)

0.09

1.10

0.765

Reverse halo sign

2 (2.44%)

9 (5.73%)

0.89

2.43

0.263

Reticulation

11 (13.41%)

50 (31.85%)

1.10

3.02

0.040*

Air bronchogram

22 (26.83%)

63 (31.85%)

0.60

1.83

0.043*

Bronchiectasis

8 (9.76%)

17 (10.83%)

0.12

1.12

0.797

Vascular enlargement

14 (17.07%)

68 (43.31%)

1.31

3.71

 < 0.001*

Pleural thickening

17 (20.73%)

84 (53.50%)

1.48

4.40

 < 0.001*

Pleural traction

16 (19.51%)

44 (28.03%)

0.47

1.61

0.152

Pleural effusion

9 (10.98%)

3 (1.91%)

− 1.85

0.16

0.007*

Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy

20 (24.39%)

3 (1.91%)

− 2.81

0.06

 < 0.001*

Liver-spleen CT value ratio

1.18(1.02–1.29)

1.17 (1.06–1.35)

0.11

1.12

0.826