Table 2 Comparison of typical features of intracardiac masses in multimodality imaging
CMAC | Myxoma | Thrombus | Abscess | Tuberculoma | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Localisation/Morphology | Posterior MV annulus, smooth border | 75% LA, interatrial septum, smooth | Ubiquitous, mainly LA, smooth | Ubiquitous: peri/valvular ≫ myocardial | Mainly pericardial or pervascular |
Echogenicity | Overall: hyper, central areas: hypo | Hyper, inhomogeneous | Inhomogeneous | core: hypo border: hyper PA: blood flow | Inhomogeneous hyper |
MRI | |||||
T1-w intensity | Hypo | Iso | Subacute: hypo, chronic: hypo | Centre: hypo | Iso to hyper |
T2-w intensity | Hypo | Hyper | subacute: hypo, chronic: hyper | Centre: hypo | Mainly iso |
FP uptake | No | Heterogeneous | No | No | Heterogeneous |
LGE uptake | Central: no Periphery: hyperenhancement (“rim”) | Heterogeneous | No Exception: chronic or organised thrombus may show peripheral ring enhancement—DHE | Hyper | Heterogeneous |
CT density | Centre: hypo, no contrast enhancement, periphery: hyper → calcifications (bone window) | Iso, heterogeneous contrast enhancement | Hypo to iso, no contrast enhancement | Centre: hypo, periphery: contrast enhanced, PA: contrast filled | Centre: hyper → calcification (bone window) |