Imaging features and differences among the three primary malignant non-Wilms tumors in children

BMC Medical Imaging

Table 2 Imaging characteristics of the NWTs patient cohort at presentation

Parameter	CCSK	MRTK	RCC	P values	P values	P values	P values
Parameter	(n = 22)	(n = 27)	(n = 16)		C vs. M	C vs. R	M vs. R
Diameter (cm)	9.8 (range: 4.4 to 18.1)	5.9 (range: 1.5 to 11.1)	5.3 (range: 2.2 to 12.5)	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.462
Breaking through the renal fascia	5% (1/22)	26% (7/27)	19% (3/16)	0.136	0.044	0.158	0.590
Hemorrhage and necrosis	64% (14/22)	85% (23/27)	44% (7/16)	0.017	0.081	0.223	0.004
Calcification	14% (3/22)	7% (2/27)	44% (7/16)	0.009	0.809	0.037	0.005
Subcapsular fluid	0	33% (9/27)	0	< 0.001	< 0.001	/	0.002
Arterial phase
Slight enhancement	68% (15/22)	70% (19/27)	25% (4/16)	0.007	0.869	0.007	0.004
Moderate enhancement	14% (3/22)	15% (4/27)	25% (4/16)	0.607	1.000	0.375	0.671
Marked enhancement	5% (1/22)	4% (1/27)	38% (6/16)	0.002	1.000	0.008	0.004
Venous phase
Slight enhancement	77% (17/22)	56% (15/27)	6% (1/16)	< 0.001	0.112	< 0.001	0.001
Moderate enhancement	14% (3/22)	30% (8/27)	50% (8/16)	0.052	0.182	0.014	0.182
Clear enhancement	14% (3/22)	4% (1/27)	25% (4/16)	0.118	0.460	0.375	0.107
Metastasis
Lymph node metastasis	9% (2/22)	19% (5/27)	19% (3/16)	0.603	0.348	0.388	0.985
Vein tumor thrombus	9% (2/22)	4% (1/27)	13% (2/16)	0.553	0.855	0.737	0.635
Bone (the vertebral body) metastasis	9% (2/22)	0	0	0.108	0.069	0.132	/
Liver and lung Metastases	5% (1/22)	22% (6/27)	0	0.022	0.079	0.291	0.013

P values indicates whether the difference between the three groups of tumors is statistically significant. C, CCSK; M, MRTK; R, RCC

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