Left atrial minimal volume: association with diastolic dysfunction and heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation with preserved ejection fraction

Table 4 The left atrium structure, function and strain characteristics

	Control, n = 67	ND, n = 32	DD, n = 35	AF, n = 42	p value
Indexed volumes (ml/m²)
Vmax-I	32 ± 9	32 ± 10	44 ± 13^,*	51 ± 17^,*^,†	< 0.001
Vmin-I	9 ± 4	12 ± 7	21 ± 10^,*	36 ± 17^,*^,†	< 0.001
Total emptying volume i	24 ± 7	20 ± 6	23 ± 6^,*	15 ± 6^,*^,†	< 0.001
Passive volume i	16 ± 6	11 ± 6*	10 ± 6*	12 ± 6*	< 0.001
Conduit volume i	15 ± 8	14 ± 6	13 ± 6	11 ± 6*	0.028
LA reservoir strain (%)	44 ± 11	49 ± 22	33 ± 19^,*	15 ± 8^,^,†	< 0.001
Diastolic emptying index (%) -(LA ejection fraction)	73 ± 9	65 ± 13*	54 ± 14^,*	33 ± 16^,*^,†	0.003
Passive emptying duration (% cycle length)	30 ± 6	35 ± 11	31 ± 17	–	NS
Passive emptying rate (ml/%cycle length)	1.0 ± 0.3	0.6 ± 0.3*	0.5 ± 0.4*	–	< 0.001

ND Normal diastolic function; DD diastolic dysfunction; AF atrial fibrillation; * significant difference with the control group; ** significant difference with the Sinus ND group; † significant difference with the Sinus DD group; Vmax-I LA maximal volume indexed; Vmin-I LA minimal volume indexed

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