Left atrial minimal volume: association with diastolic dysfunction and heart failure in patients in sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation with preserved ejection fraction

Table 3 The left ventricular myocardial mechanics

	Control, n = 67	ND, n = 32	DD, n = 35	AF, n = 42	p value
Ejection fraction (%)	61 ± 5	55 ± 7*^,†	55 ± 9*	48 ± 8^,*^,†	0.008
EDV (ml/m²)	64 ± 11	61 ± 13	65 ± 17	54 ± 19*^,†	0.028
ESV (ml/m²)	24 ± 6	27 ± 8	30 ± 11	29 ± 14*	0.04
Strain (% shortening)
Global longitudinal (GLS)	− 19 ± 2	− 19 ± 3	− 19 ± 4	− 14 ± 4^,*^,†	< 0.001
Average of peaks (APS)	− 20 ± 2	− 20 ± 3	− 20 ± 4	-15 ± 4^,*^,†	< 0.001
GMSi (GLS/APS) (%)	98 ± 2	95 ± 4*	93 ± 6*	91 ± 6^,*^,†	< 0.001
SR E/S ratio	1.03 ± 0.14	1.08 ± 0.12	1.03 ± 0.23	1.2 ± 0.15^,*^,†	0.031

ND Normal diastolic function; DD diastolic dysfunction; AF atrial fibrillation; * significant difference with the control group; ** significant difference with the Sinus ND group; † significant difference with the Sinus DD group; EDV end diastolic volume; ESV end systolic volume; GLS global longitudinal strain; GMSi global mechanical synchrony index; SR E/S ratio, The ratio of early diastolic strain rate to systolic strain rate

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