Fig. 3

Exemplary comparisons of catheter-enhanced and unprocessed direct radiographs. a A central catheter is inserted in a vein of the right upper limb and ends in the superior vena cava. Main diagnosis: Left-to-right shunting with pulmonary hypervolemia, shortly after surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). b A central catheter is inserted in a vein of the right upper limb and ends in the right atrium. Main diagnosis: Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS). c A central catheter is inserted in a vein of the left upper limb and ends in the superior vena cava. Main diagnosis: Two-sided pneumonia, left-sided pneumothorax. d A central catheter is inserted in a vein of the right upper limb and ends in the superior vena cava. Main diagnosis: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)