Variable | Rest | Stress | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Young | Older | PAH | Young | Older | PAH | |
Heart rate [bpm] | 66 ± 11 | 67 ± 9 | 69 ± 19 | 97 ± 19* | 87 ± 12* | 116 ± 19* |
Stroke volume [mL] | 96 ± 15 | 93 ± 16 | 67 ± 16 | 116 ± 23* | 133 ± 40* | 90 ± 42 |
Cardiac output [L/min] | 6.3 ± 1.1 | 6.3 ± 1.6 | 4.5 ± 1.4 | 11 ± 2* | 11.8 ± 5* | 10.8 ± 5.7* |
Peak systolic velocity [cm/s] | 77 ± 21 | 58 ± 15 | 49 ± 14 | 78 ± 22 | 69 ± 27 | 68 ± 29* |
Peak systolic flow [mL/s] | 445 ± 85 | 416 ± 114 | 309 ± 52 | 446 ± 118 | 462 ± 176 | 388 ± 113 |
Relative area change | 0.28 ± 0.08 | 0.17 ± 0.05 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.10 | 0.27 ± 0.14 | 0.25 ± 0.18 |