Table 2 CMR pulse sequences with utility in the evaluation of VHD [4]
From: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the evaluation of heart valve disease
CMR pulse sequence | Utility in VHD |
|---|---|
Steady-state free precession | Valve anatomy and motion Ventricular volumes and function Turbulent blood flow jet visualisation |
Gradient echo | Valve anatomy and motion Turbulent blood flow jet visualisation Prosthetic valve assessment |
Phase contrast | Flow velocity Forward and reverse volumes |
Turbo spin echo | Evaluation of valve masses |
Segmented inversion recovery gradient echo | Evaluation of valve masses |