From: Air column in esophagus and symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease
characteristics | Chronic coughs %** | Smoking % | History of omeprazole % | Hiatal hernia % | Heartburn % | Epigastric pain % | Regurgitation % | History of pregnancy (in women) % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The presence of air column whole the esophagus (not necessarily ED in whole) | -* | 61.1% | 34.3% | 25% | 13.9% | 38.9% | 36.1% | 52.8% | 72.2% |
 | + | 85.7% | 42.9% | 28.6% | 0% | 85.7% | 57.1% | 85.7% | 40% |
 | P-value | 0.391 | 0.686 | 1 | 0.572 | 0.038 | 0.407 | 0.209 | 1 |