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  1. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease, characterized by bile duct inflammation and destruction, leading to biliary fibrosis and cirrhosis. The purpose of this study was to...

    Authors: Narine Mesropyan, Patrick Kupczyk, Guido M. Kukuk, Leona Dold, Tobias Weismueller, Christoph Endler, Alexander Isaak, Anton Faron, Alois M. Sprinkart, Claus C. Pieper, Daniel Kuetting, Christian P. Strassburg, Ulrike I. Attenberger and Julian A. Luetkens
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:65
  2. Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, combining three-dimensional imaging with enhancement over time as the fourth di...

    Authors: Steven Raeymaeckers, Yannick De Brucker, Tim Vanderhasselt, Nico Buls and Johan De Mey
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:64
  3. Chronic allograft injury (CAI) is a significant reason for which many grafts were lost. The study was conducted to assess the usefulness of diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) technology in the non-invasive ass...

    Authors: Xin Zheng, Min Li, Pan Wang, Xiangnan Li, Qiang Zhang, Song Zeng, Tao Jiang and Xiaopeng Hu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:63
  4. This study attempted to compare the radiopharmaceutical uptake findings of planar bone scintigraphy (BS) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) performed on knee joints.

    Authors: Young-Sil An, Do Young Park, Byoung-Hyun Min, Su Jin Lee and Joon-Kee Yoon
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:60
  5. This study aimed to develope and validate a radiomics nomogram by integrating the quantitative radiomics characteristics of No.3 lymph nodes (LNs) and primary tumors to better predict preoperative lymph node m...

    Authors: Xiaoxiao Wang, Cong Li, Mengjie Fang, Liwen Zhang, Lianzhen Zhong, Di Dong, Jie Tian and Xiuhong Shan
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:58
  6. Spatial and temporal lung infection distributions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their changes could reveal important patterns to better understand the disease and its time course. This paper prese...

    Authors: Dongdong Gu, Liyun Chen, Fei Shan, Liming Xia, Jun Liu, Zhanhao Mo, Fuhua Yan, Bin Song, Yaozong Gao, Xiaohuan Cao, Yanbo Chen, Ying Shao, Miaofei Han, Bin Wang, Guocai Liu, Qian Wang…
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:57
  7. Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in persons aged 50 years and older. Medium and large vessels, like the temporal and axillary arteries, are commonly affected. Typical s...

    Authors: Lara Clarissa Burg, Wolfgang Andreas Schmidt, Peter Brossart, Katharina Isabell Reinking, Franziskus Maria Schützeichel, Robert Patrick Finger and Valentin Sebastian Schäfer
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:55
  8. Distinguishing parotid pleomorphic adenoma (PPA) from parotid adenolymphoma (PA) is important for precision treatment, but there is a lack of readily available diagnostic methods. In this study, we aimed to ex...

    Authors: Le-le Song, Shun-jun Chen, Wang Chen, Zhan Shi, Xiao-dong Wang, Li-na Song and Dian-sen Chen
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:54
  9. Adult-attention-deficit-hyperactive-disorder (ADHD) is often unrecognized condition. FMRI examination along with neuropsychological testing might strengthen the diagnosis. We hypothesized that ADHD-adults with...

    Authors: Jatta Berberat, Ruth Huggenberger, Margherita Montali, Philipp Gruber, Achmed Pircher, Karl-Olof Lövblad, Hanspeter E. Killer and Luca Remonda
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:53
  10. The visualization of the tibial nerve and its branches in the ankle canal is helpful for the diagnosis of local lesions and compression, and it is also useful for clinical observation and surgical planning. Th...

    Authors: Yan Zhang, Xucheng He, Juan Li, Ju Ye, Wenjuan Han, Shanshan Zhou, Jianzhong Zhu, Guisheng Wang and Xiaoxia Chen
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:51
  11. This study is aimed to explore the factors influencing the visualization of the anterior peritoneal reflection (APR) and evaluated the feasibility of measuring the distance from the anal verge to APR (AV-APR),...

    Authors: Shaoting Zhang, Fangying Chen, Xiaolu Ma, Minjie Wang, Guanyu Yu, Fu Shen, Xianhua Gao and Jianping Lu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:50
  12. Staging of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a multidisciplinary process involving imaging, endoscopic and surgical techniques. This study aims at investigating the diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT, CT s...

    Authors: Akram Al-Ibraheem, Nader Hirmas, Stefano Fanti, Diana Paez, Fawzi Abuhijla, Dalia Al-Rimawi, Ula Al-Rasheed, Riad Abdeljalil, Feras Hawari, Kamal Alrabi and Asem Mansour
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:49
  13. Non-mass enhancement (NME) is a diagnostic dilemma and highly reliant on the experience of the radiologists. Texture analysis (TA) could serve as an objective method to quantify lesion characteristics. However...

    Authors: Yu Tan, Hui Mai, Zhiqing Huang, Li Zhang, Chengwei Li, Songxin Wu, Huang Huang, Wen Tang, Yongxi Liu and Kuiming Jiang
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:48
  14. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is recommended for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. However, data on the clinical role of RFA for benign thyroid nodules in patients with history of thyroid lobectomy are ...

    Authors: Lin Yan, Mingbo Zhang, Fang Xie, Jun Ma, Jing Xiao and Yukun Luo
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:47
  15. This study aimed to compare panoramic radiography (PAN) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) determinations of implant-to-root dimensions (IRD) in anterior and posterior maxillary regions, and to help dete...

    Authors: Annika Bertram, Alexander W. Eckert and Rüdiger Emshoff
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:46
  16. To investigate left atrial shape differences on CT scans of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with (AF+) versus without (AF−) post-ablation recurrence and whether these shape differences predict AF recurrence.

    Authors: Thomas Atta-Fosu, Michael LaBarbera, Soumya Ghose, Paul Schoenhagen, Walid Saliba, Patrick J. Tchou, Bruce D. Lindsay, Milind Y. Desai, Deborah Kwon, Mina K. Chung and Anant Madabhushi
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:45
  17. Chest radiograph (CXR) prescribing pattern and practice vary widely among pediatric intensive care units (PICU). ‘On demand’ approach is increasingly recommended as against daily ‘routine’ CXRs; however, the r...

    Authors: Rajeev Gupta, Karthi Nallasamy, Vijai Williams, Akshay Kumar Saxena and Muralidharan Jayashree
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:44
  18. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between breast density, age, and mammographic lesion type among Chinese breast cancer patients included in a large clinical dataset.

    Authors: Yu Ji, Boxin Li, Rui Zhao, Ying Zhang, Junjun Liu and Hong Lu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:43
  19. Collecting (Bellini) duct carcinoma (CDC) is a highly malignant and rare kidney tumor. We report our 12-year experience with CDC and the results of a retrospective analysis of patients and tumor characteristic...

    Authors: Zhehao Lyu, Lili Liu, Huimin Li, Haibo Wang, Qi Liu, Tingting Chen, Meiling Xu, Lin Tian and Peng Fu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:42
  20. Assessment of tibiofibular reduction presents an intra- and postoperative challenge. Numerous two-dimensional measurement methods have been described, most of them highly dependent on leg orientation and rater...

    Authors: Firas Souleiman, Martin Heilemann, Robert Hennings, Mareike Hennings, Alexis Klengel, Pierre Hepp, Georg Osterhoff and Annette B. Ahrberg
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:41
  21. The objective of this study was to analyze the accuracy of gadolinium–ethoxybenzyl–diethylenetriamine penta–acetic acid enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd–EOB–DTPA–MRI) for predicting microvascular invasi...

    Authors: Meng Zhou, Dan Shan, Chunhui Zhang, Jianhua Nie, Guangyu Wang, Yanqiao Zhang, Yang Zhou and Tongsen Zheng
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:40
  22. Quantitative bone SPECT/CT is useful for disease follow up and inter-patient comparison. For bone metastatic malignant lesions, spine is the most commonly invaded site. However, Quantitative studies with large...

    Authors: Na Qi, Qingyuan Meng, Zhiwen You, Huiqian Chen, Yi Shou and Jun Zhao
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:39
  23. Non-invasive imaging is of interest for tracking the progression of atherosclerosis in the carotid bifurcation, and segmenting this region into its constituent branch arteries is necessary for analyses. The pu...

    Authors: Magnus Ziegler, Jesper Alfraeus, Mariana Bustamante, Elin Good, Jan Engvall, Ebo de Muinck and Petter Dyverfeldt
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:38
  24. This study aims to investigate the value of radiomics parameters derived from contrast enhanced (CE) MRI in differentiation of hypovascular non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (hypo-NF-pNETs) and s...

    Authors: Tao Song, Qian-Wen Zhang, Shao-Feng Duan, Yun Bian, Qiang Hao, Peng-Yi Xing, Tie-Gong Wang, Lu-Guang Chen, Chao Ma and Jian-Ping Lu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:36
  25. Long-term exposure to coal dust causes respiratory disease. In chest computer tomography (CT), pulmonary nodules, pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and emphysema manifest themselves. However, tracheal foreign bo...

    Authors: Li-juan Zhong, Min Yan, Yi Wang, Dai-quan Zhou, Jian-ming Tang and Shou-hong Xiang
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:35

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:61

  26. To establish the normal reference range of fetal thorax by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound VOCAL technique and evaluate the application in diagnosing fetal thoracic malformations.

    Authors: Xihua Lian, Zhenhong Xu, Liping Zheng, Zhixing Zhu, Tofunmi Ejiwale, Ayush Kumar, Peiya Cai, Shaozheng He, Shunlan Liu, Ying Zhang and Guorong Lyu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:34
  27. This study aims to compare the difference of the brain changes of glucose metabolism between temporal lobe epilepsy patients (TLE) with major depressive disorder and temporal TLE without major depressive disor...

    Authors: Jin-Feng Wen, Xin-Wen Guo, Xiang-Yi Cao, Ji-Wu Liao, Ping Ma, Xiang-Shu Hu and Ji-Yang Pan
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:33
  28. The background parenchymal enhancement at breast magnetic resonance imaging use to predict breast cancer attracts many searchers to draw a possible relationship. However, the results of their relationships wer...

    Authors: Na Hu, Jinghao Zhao, Yong Li, Quanshui Fu, Linwei Zhao, Hong Chen, Wei Qin and Guoqing Yang
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:32
  29. In this COVID-19 pandemic, the differential diagnosis of viral pneumonia is still challenging. We aimed to assess the classification performance of computed tomography (CT)-based CT signs and radiomics feature...

    Authors: Yilong Huang, Zhenguang Zhang, Siyun Liu, Xiang Li, Yunhui Yang, Jiyao Ma, Zhipeng Li, Jialong Zhou, Yuanming Jiang and Bo He
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:31
  30. CT artifacts induced by orthopedic implants can limit image quality and diagnostic yield. As a number of different strategies to reduce artifact extent exist, the aim of this study was to systematically compar...

    Authors: Florian A. Huber, Kai Sprengel, Lydia Müller, Laura C. Graf, Georg Osterhoff and Roman Guggenberger
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:29
  31. Recent studies provide evidence that hepatocellular  adenomas  (HCAs) frequently take up gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB) during the hepatobiliary phase (HBP). The purpose of our study was to investigate how to differe...

    Authors: Timo Alexander Auer, Thula Walter-Rittel, Dominik Geisel, Wenzel Schöning, Moritz Schmelzle, Tobias Müller, Bruno Sinn, Timm Denecke, Bernd Hamm and Uli Fehrenbach
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:28
  32. Image segmentation is a common task in medical imaging e.g., for volumetry analysis in cardiac MRI. Artificial neural networks are used to automate this task with performance similar to manual operators. Howev...

    Authors: Markus J. Ankenbrand, Liliia Shainberg, Michael Hock, David Lohr and Laura M. Schreiber
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:27
  33. Primary lymphoma of the cavernous sinus is a rare form of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma, of which very few cases have been reported in the published literature. This report presents the MRI findings with app...

    Authors: Cheng-Chun Yang, Tai-Yuan Chen, Yu-Kun Tsui and Ching-Chung Ko
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:25
  34. Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) is a complicated CT exam in comparison to other CT protocols. Exam success highly depends on image assessment of experienced radiologist and the procedure is often time-consuming...

    Authors: Cheng Yan, Guofeng Zhou, Xue Yang, Xiuliang Lu, Mengsu Zeng and Min Ji
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:24
  35. Early detection of marginal bone loss is vital for treatment planning and prognosis of teeth and implant. This study was conducted to assess diagnostic accuracy of CBCT compared to intra-oral (IO) radiography ...

    Authors: Dandan Song, Sohaib Shujaat, Karla de Faria Vasconcelos, Yan Huang, Constantinus Politis, Ivo Lambrichts and Reinhilde Jacobs
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:23
  36. Meningiomas typically manifest on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as iso- to hypointense on T1-weighted imaging and iso- to hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging. After contrast administration, they usually hom...

    Authors: Miao Wang, Zhongke Wang, Peng Ren, Xiaoqing Zhang and Shiyong Liu
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:22
  37. Endovascular therapy is the gold standard in patients with hemodynamic relevant renal artery stenosis (RAS) resistant to medical therapy. The severity grading of the stenosis as well as the result assessment a...

    Authors: Anne Marie Augustin, Stefan Welsch, Thorsten Alexander Bley, Kai Lopau and Ralph Kickuth
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:21
  38. To determine the predictive capability of MRI-based radiomics for extrathyroidal extension detection in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) pre-surgically.

    Authors: Ran Wei, Hao Wang, Lanyun Wang, Wenjuan Hu, Xilin Sun, Zedong Dai, Jie Zhu, Hong Li, Yaqiong Ge and Bin Song
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:20
  39. Accurate staging of patients with gastric cancer is necessary for selection of the most appropriate and personalized therapy. Computed tomography (CT) is currently used as primary staging tool, being widely av...

    Authors: Sofie De Vuysere, Vincent Vandecaveye, Yves De Bruecker, Saskia Carton, Koen Vermeiren, Tim Tollens, Frederik De Keyzer and Raphaëla Carmen Dresen
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:18
  40. Based on conventional MRI images, it is difficult to differentiatepseudoprogression from true progressionin GBM patients after standard treatment, which isa critical issue associated with survival. The aim of ...

    Authors: Ying-Zhi Sun, Lin-Feng Yan, Yu Han, Hai-Yan Nan, Gang Xiao, Qiang Tian, Wen-Hui Pu, Ze-Yang Li, Xiao-Cheng Wei, Wen Wang and Guang-Bin Cui
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:17
  41. To investigate the effect of using a Rician nonlocal means (NLM) filter on quantification of diffusion tensor (DT)- and diffusion kurtosis (DK)-derived metrics in various anatomical regions of the human brain ...

    Authors: Zhongping Zhang, Dhanashree Vernekar, Wenshu Qian and Mina Kim
    Citation: BMC Medical Imaging 2021 21:16

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