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Table 3 Cox proportional hazard analysis of prognostic factors for overall survival

From: Prediction of overall survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: histogram analysis of ADC value and correlation with pathological intratumoral necrosis

Parameter

HR

95%LCL

95%UCL

P value

Patients’ demographics and tumor characteristics

CEA (ng/mL), IQR 1.70–4.95

1.00

0.92

1.09

0.945

CA19-9 (U/mL), IQR 37.55–333.45

1.34

0.98

1.84

0.067

Tumor location

   

0.003*

 Head

1

   

 Body

0.05

0.01

0.37

 

 Tail

0.17

0.04

0.7

 

Tumor size (mm)

1.78

0.93

3.42

0.081

pT stage

   

0.221

 0

1

   

 1c

16.82

0

1.27e + 46

 

 2

83.65

0

6.21e + 46

 

 3

206.67

0

1.55e + 47

 

pN stage

   

0.038*

 0

1

   

 1

2.23

0.59

8.48

 

 2

5.4

1.46

20.0

 

TNM stage

 

0.088

  

 1A

1

   

 1B

1.69

0.17

16.4

 

 2B

3.21

0.37

27.94

 

 3

7.74

0.92

65.02

 

Tumor differentiation

   

0.775

 Poor

1

   

 Moderate

1.89

0.23

15.5

 

 Well

1.34

0.11

16.24

 

R classification

4.14

1.42

12.07

0.009*

Histogram analysis parameters

Mean, IQR 1320.57–1740.09

0.64

0.32

1.29

0.212

Standard error, IQR 17.84–36.08

0.63

0.32

1.24

0.183

Median, IQR 1318.04–1720.21

0.64

0.62

1.27

0.198

Mode, IQR 1237.17–1586.52

0.88

0.53

1.47

0.629

Standard deviation, IQR 96.20–192.00

1.02

0.56

1.86

0.941

Variance, IQR 9268.55–36,867.38

0.93

0.58

1.51

0.771

Kurtosis, IQR 2.20–3.06

7.11

2.42

20.9

< 0.001*

Skewness, IQR -0.50–0.35

0.92

0.37

2.31

0.86

CV, IQR 0.06–0.13

1.25

0.67

2.33

0.479

Minimum, IQR 1070.98–1412.84

0.62

0.35

1.11

0.107

Maximum, IQR 1626.85–2044.53

0.83

0.5

1.4

0.49

Entropy, IQR 1.29–1.56

2.06

1.16

3.66

0.013*

Energy, IQR 0.03–0.05

0.49

0.25

0.97

0.04*

  1. HR for continuous variable represents the risk of the 75th percentile relative to the 25th percentile. HR for categorical variable is set to 1 for the reference category
  2. e + 46 means 10 to the 46th power. e + 47 means 10 to the 47th power
  3. HR, hazard ratio; LCL, lower confidence limit; UCL, upper confidence limit; IQR, interquartile range (25th-75th percentile); CV, coefficient of variance
  4. *P < 0.05, significant difference