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Table 1 Primary central nervous system lymphoma of the cavernous sinus in published studies

From: Primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the cavernous sinus: a case report and review of the literature

References

Age/sex

Immune status

Histologic type

Symptoms

Involvement site

Treatment

CT/MRI

DWI/ADC

Out-come

de la Fuente et al. [8]

30 F

HIV (–)

MZBCL

Facial pain

CS

Surgery, R/T

−/−

N/A

CR

51 F

HIV (–)

MZBCL

Focal paresthesia and numbness

Left CS

C/T, R/T

−/−

N/A

CR

48 F

HIV (–)

MZBCL

Cranial nerve palsy

Bilateral CS

C/T

−/−

N/A

CR

50 F

HIV (–)

MZBCL

Cranial nerve palsy

CS

Surgery, R/T

−/−

N/A

CR

Suresh et al. [9]

24 F

N/A

MZBCL

Right painless vision loss, bitemporal visual field defect

Left CS, falx, tentorium

Surgery, C/T

−/+

N/A

N/A

Dultra et al. [10]

63 M

HIV (–)

NHK B cell lymphoma

Frontal headache, right facial pain, diplopia

Bilateral CS, sella

Surgery, R/T

−/+

N/A

CR

Ko et al. [11]

70 F

N/A

DLBCL

Facial pain, complete right ptosis, diplopia

Right CS, right orbit

C/T

−/+

N/A

CR

Demirkaya et al. [12]

4 M

N/A

NHK

Right ptosis, pupil dilatation, ophthalmoplegia

Right CS

Surgery, C/T

−/+

N/A

CR

Sadruddin et al. [13]

17 F

N/A

TLBL

Rapidly progressive right headache, diplopia, facial numbness

Right CS

Surgery, C/T, R/T

−/+

N/A

CR

Famoso et al. [14]

46 F

Immuno-competent

MZBCL

Right exophthalmos, ptosis, retro-orbital pain

Right CS, sella, orbital meninges

Surgery, rituximab

−/−

N/A

PR

Razaq et al. [15]

61 F

HIV (–)

MZBCL

Headache, CN III palsy

Left CS, left optic nerve

R/T, rituximab

−/−

N/A

CR

Choi et al. [16]

12 M

N/A

DLBCL

Visual disturbance, periorbital pain

Bilateral CS, dura, sphenoid bone

C/T

+/+

N/A

CR

Nakamura et al. [17]

69 M

N/A

*highly malignant B cell lymphoma

Diplopia, left facial numbness, dysarthria, dysphagia (Garcin syndrome)

Left CS, occipital and clival bone

N/A

−/+

N/A

N/A

Ronson et al. [18]

53 F

N/A

DLBCL

Diplopia, headache, left mouth paresthesia

Right CS, right sphenoid sinus extension

Surgery, C/T, R/T

−/−

N/A

N/A

Sanjeevi et al. [19]

46 F

HIV (–)

MZBCL

Left side headache, ophthalmalgia, decreased visual acuity

Left CS, left orbital apex

Surgery, R/T

−/+

N/A

CR

Arimoto et al. [20]

59 F

HIV (–)

*diffuse small B cell lymphoma

Diplopia on right lateral gaze, right facial hypesthesia

Right CS

Surgery, R/T

−/+

N/A

CR

Jaiswal et al. [21]

40 M

HIV (–)

DLBCL

Right sided headache, tinnitus, hearing impairment, ataxia

Right CPA, right CS, right orbit

Surgery, C/T, R/T

+/+

N/A

CR

Roman-Goldstein et al. [22]

37 M

Immuno-competent

N/A

Retro-orbital headache, diplopia

Right CS

C/T

−/+

N/A

CR

62 M

Immuno-competent

N/A

Headache, diplopia

Left CS

Surgery, C/T, R/T

−/−

N/A

Died at 18 month

51 F

Immuno-competent

N/A

Diplopia

Left CS

Surgery, C/T

−/−

N/A

N/A

Nakatomi et al. [23]

77 M

HIV (–)

DLBCL

Left facial hypesthesia, diplopia

Left CS, petroclival dura

Surgery, C/T, R/T

−/+

N/A

Died at 31 month

  1. *Pathologic diagnoses not applicable to WHO 2016 classification, CPA, cerebellopontine angle; CS, cavernous sinus; CR, complete response; C/T, chemotherapy; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; N/A, not available; NHK, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; PR, partial response; R/T, radiotherapy; TLBL, T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma