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Table 5 Summary of published works on DOL

From: Methadone-induced encephalopathy: a case series and literature review

Author(s) year

Age/ Sex

Toxic agent

Time to relapse after initial intoxication

Clinical presentation in relapse phase

First imaging findings

Delayed phase MRI findings

DWI and ADC sequences findings

Prognosis

Ljungar B. et al. 2014 [17]

34 yr, M

Methadone

33 days

Physical, psychological and cognitive deterioration

Cerebral white matter T2 hyperintensity

Cystic changes in bilateral cerebral white matter

Hyperintensity in DWI without ADC confirmation

Recovery

Mittal M. et al. 2010 [6]

38 yr, M

Methadone, benzodiazepine

3 weeks

Physical, psychological and behavioral manifestations

No imaging

Cerebral white matter T2 hyperintensity

No restriction

Partial recovery

Arciniegas 2004 [16]

24 yr, M

Methadone, diazepam

Not mentioned

Apathy, disorientation

No imaging

Cerebral white matter and corpus callosum T2 hyperintensity

Not mentioned

Partial recovery

Torralba A- Moron 2016 [8]

42 yr, M

Methadone, alcohol, benzodiazepine

13 days

Myoclonus, fluctuated consciousness,

Normal CT scan

Cerebral white matter and globous pallidus T2 hyperintensity

Not mentioned

Lack of attention and dysexecutive and amnestic abnormalities persisted

43 yr, M

Methadone

Not mentioned

low level of consciousness and a bradypnoea

Not mentioned

Cerebral white matter and globous pallidus T2 hyperintensity

Not mentioned

death

Zanin A. 2010 [19]

30mo, F

Methadone

19 days

Agitation, slurred speech, abnormal movement

Normal

Tempromesial, Substantia Nigra and basal ganglia

No restriction

Recovery after 2 month

Andrew Meyer M. 2013 [20]

43 yr, F

Methadone, diazepam

3 weeks

Forgetful& confused, social withdrawal, lack of hygiene

No imaging

Cerebral white matter T2 hyperintensity

Hyperintensity in DWI without ADC confirmation

Recovery

Carroll I. 2012 [9]

43 yr, F

Alprazolam, methadone

33 days

Apathy, inappropriate behavior

No imaging

Cerebral white matter and corpus callosum T2 hyperintensity

Corpus Collosum hyperintensity in DWI without ADC confirmation

Full recovery after 6 month

Shprecher D. 2008 [18]

39 yr, F

Methadone, cocaine

4 weeks

disorientation

No imaging

Cerebral white matter T2 hyperintensity

Hyperintensity in DWI without ADC confirmation

Partial recovery

58 yr, F

methadone

21 days

Paranoid and inappropriate behavioral

No imaging

Cerebral white matter T2 hyperintensity

Not mentioned

Partial recovery

56 yr, F

Methadone, fentanyl, benzodiazepine

15 days

Cognitive deterioration

Not mentioned

Cerebral white matter T2 hyperintensity

Hyperintensity in DWI without ADC confirmation

Partial recovery