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Table 1 Linear and angular measurements following the Rickett’s cephalometric analysis

From: Craniofacial morphology of wind and string instrument players: a cephalometric study

Group/Measurement

Value

Norm

Std Dev

Dev Norm

CRANIOFACIAL RELATION – Cranial Structure

 Cranial Length (mm)

84.6

62.5

2.5

8.8******

 Posterior Facial Height (GO-CF) (mm)

81.5

54.8

3.3

8.1******

 Cranial Deflection (°)

27.5

27.3

3.0

0.1

 Porion Location (mm)

− 58.1

−38.6

2.2

−8.9******

 Ramus Position (°)

72.7

76.0

3.0

− 1.1*

CRANIOFACIAL RELATION – Mx Position

 Maxillary Depth (FH-NA) (°)

90.3

90.0

3.0

0.1

 Maxillary Height (N-CF-A) (°)

55.1

56.8

3.0

−0.5

 SN-Palatal Plane (°)

10.2

7.3

3.5

0.8

CRANIOFACIAL RELATION – Md Position

 Facial Angle (FH-NPo) (°)

92.6

89.6

3.0

1.0*

 Facial Axis-Ricketts (NaBa-PtGn) (°)

95.8

90.0

3.5

1.7*

 FMA (MP-FH) (°)

21.6

22.9

4.5

−0.3

 Total Face Height (NaBa-PmXi) (°)

51.8

60.0

3.0

−2.7**

 Facial Taper (°)

65.9

68.0

3.5

−0.6

MAXILLO-MANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIPS

 Convexity (A-NPo) (mm)

−3.1

0.1

2.0

−1.6*

 Corpus Length (Go-Gn) (mm)

116.5

80.0

4.4

8.3******

 Mandibular Arc (°)

37.6

31.7

4.0

1.5*

 Lower Face Height (ANS-Xi-Pm) (°)

39.1

45.0

4.0

−1.5*

DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS – Mx Dentition

 U-Incisor Protrusion (U1-Apo) (mm)

1.9

3.5

2.3

−0.7

 U1-FH (°)

119.6

111.0

6.0

1.4*

 U-Incisor Inclination (U1-Apo) (°)

24.6

28.0

4.0

−0.8

 U6-PT Vertical (mm)

30.9

21.0

3.0

3.3***

DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS – Md Dentition

 L1 Protrusion (L1-Apo) (mm)

−1.6

2.0

2.3

−1.6*

 L1 to A-Po (°)

22.6

22.0

4.0

0.1

 Mand Incisor Extrusion (mm)

1.3

1.2

2.0

0.0

 Hinge Axis Angle

83.8

90.0

4.0

−1.66*

DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS – Mx/Md Dentition

 Interincisal Angle (U1-L1) (°)

132.8

130.0

6.0

0.5

 Molar Relation (mm)

−1.9

−3.0

1.0

1.1*

 Overjet (mm)

4.0

2.5

2.5

0.6

 Overbite (mm)

2.6

2.5

2.0

0.0

 Occ Plane to FH (°)

5.2

4.7

5.0

0.1

ESTHETIC

 Lower Lip to E-Plane (mm)

−12.7

−2.0

2.0

−5.3****

  1. As greater the number of *, more severe is the deviation from the norm