From: Craniofacial morphology of wind and string instrument players: a cephalometric study
Group/Measurement | Value | Norm | Std Dev | Dev Norm |
---|---|---|---|---|
CRANIOFACIAL RELATION – Cranial Structure | ||||
Cranial Length (mm) | 84.6 | 62.5 | 2.5 | 8.8****** |
Posterior Facial Height (GO-CF) (mm) | 81.5 | 54.8 | 3.3 | 8.1****** |
Cranial Deflection (°) | 27.5 | 27.3 | 3.0 | 0.1 |
Porion Location (mm) | − 58.1 | −38.6 | 2.2 | −8.9****** |
Ramus Position (°) | 72.7 | 76.0 | 3.0 | − 1.1* |
CRANIOFACIAL RELATION – Mx Position | ||||
Maxillary Depth (FH-NA) (°) | 90.3 | 90.0 | 3.0 | 0.1 |
Maxillary Height (N-CF-A) (°) | 55.1 | 56.8 | 3.0 | −0.5 |
SN-Palatal Plane (°) | 10.2 | 7.3 | 3.5 | 0.8 |
CRANIOFACIAL RELATION – Md Position | ||||
Facial Angle (FH-NPo) (°) | 92.6 | 89.6 | 3.0 | 1.0* |
Facial Axis-Ricketts (NaBa-PtGn) (°) | 95.8 | 90.0 | 3.5 | 1.7* |
FMA (MP-FH) (°) | 21.6 | 22.9 | 4.5 | −0.3 |
Total Face Height (NaBa-PmXi) (°) | 51.8 | 60.0 | 3.0 | −2.7** |
Facial Taper (°) | 65.9 | 68.0 | 3.5 | −0.6 |
MAXILLO-MANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIPS | ||||
Convexity (A-NPo) (mm) | −3.1 | 0.1 | 2.0 | −1.6* |
Corpus Length (Go-Gn) (mm) | 116.5 | 80.0 | 4.4 | 8.3****** |
Mandibular Arc (°) | 37.6 | 31.7 | 4.0 | 1.5* |
Lower Face Height (ANS-Xi-Pm) (°) | 39.1 | 45.0 | 4.0 | −1.5* |
DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS – Mx Dentition | ||||
U-Incisor Protrusion (U1-Apo) (mm) | 1.9 | 3.5 | 2.3 | −0.7 |
U1-FH (°) | 119.6 | 111.0 | 6.0 | 1.4* |
U-Incisor Inclination (U1-Apo) (°) | 24.6 | 28.0 | 4.0 | −0.8 |
U6-PT Vertical (mm) | 30.9 | 21.0 | 3.0 | 3.3*** |
DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS – Md Dentition | ||||
L1 Protrusion (L1-Apo) (mm) | −1.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 | −1.6* |
L1 to A-Po (°) | 22.6 | 22.0 | 4.0 | 0.1 |
Mand Incisor Extrusion (mm) | 1.3 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 0.0 |
Hinge Axis Angle | 83.8 | 90.0 | 4.0 | −1.66* |
DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS – Mx/Md Dentition | ||||
Interincisal Angle (U1-L1) (°) | 132.8 | 130.0 | 6.0 | 0.5 |
Molar Relation (mm) | −1.9 | −3.0 | 1.0 | 1.1* |
Overjet (mm) | 4.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 0.6 |
Overbite (mm) | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.0 | 0.0 |
Occ Plane to FH (°) | 5.2 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 0.1 |
ESTHETIC | ||||
Lower Lip to E-Plane (mm) | −12.7 | −2.0 | 2.0 | −5.3**** |