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Table 1 Selected single-slice morphomic markers derived from muscle and adipose tissue area measurements on thoracic and abdominal CT scans

From: CoreSlicer: a web toolkit for analytic morphomics

Category

Marker name and definition

Segmentation algorithms

ID

Muscle

(lumbar)

− 29 to + 150 HU [24]

Psoas muscle area: combined area of the right and left psoas muscles, in mm2 [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47].

Shape model [48, 49]

PMA

Psoas muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the psoas muscles, in HU [31, 46, 50,51,52,53,54,55].

PMA_HU

Lumbar dorsal muscle area: combined area muscle contained within the region posterior to the spine and ribs, no more lateral than the lateral-most edges of the erector spinae muscles (includes latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae muscles), in mm2 [56,57,58,59].

Atlas-based [60], thresholding-based [61], fuzzy C-means [62, 63]

LDMA

Lumbar dorsal muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the dorsal muscles, in HU [63, 64].

LDMA_HU

Total lumbar muscle area: combined area of the psoas, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, transversus abdominis, internal and external oblique, plus the dorsal muscle area, in mm2 [31, 56, 6466]

FEM-based [67, 68]

TLMA

Total lumbar muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the lumbar muscles, in HU [69].

TLMA_HU

Muscle

(thoracic)

− 129 to + 150 HU

Total thoracic muscle area: combined area of the pectoralis, intercostal and paraspinal muscles, in mm2 [70,71,72,73].

FEM-based [74]

TTLMA

Total thoracic muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the lumbar muscles, in HU (ND).

TTLMA_HU

Fat

(lumbar)

−190 to − 30 HU

Visceral fat area: total area of intraperitoneal fat, in mm2 [31, 54, 55, 75,76,77,78,79].

Fuzzy C-means [80], fuzzy affinity [81], thresholding [82], separation mask [83], polar projection ([84], edge linking [85], other [86]

VFA

Visceral fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the visceral fat, in HU [51, 53, 87,88,89,90,91,92,93].

VFA_HU

Subcutaneous fat area: total area of fat tissue between the skin and abdominal/back wall, in mm2 [31, 51, 54, 55].

FEM-based [68], separation mask [93], other [93]

SFA

Subcutaneous fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the subcutaneous fat, in HU [53, 87,88,89,90,91].

SFA_HU

Total abdominal fat area: combined area of visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue, plus intramuscular fat, in mm2 [93].

TAA

Total abdominal fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the abdominal fat, in HU (ND).

TAA_HU

Fat

(thoracic)

− 190 to − 30 HU

Epicardial fat area: fat located between the heart and the pericardium, in mm2 [94,95,96,97,98,99,100].

Random forest [101, 102], geodesic active contours [103], fuzzy C-means [104], other [105]

EFA

Epicardial fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the epicardial fat, in HU [106]

EFA_HU