Category | Marker name and definition | Segmentation algorithms | ID |
---|---|---|---|
Muscle (lumbar) − 29 to + 150 HU [24] | Psoas muscle area: combined area of the right and left psoas muscles, in mm2 [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47]. | PMA | |
Psoas muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the psoas muscles, in HU [31, 46, 50,51,52,53,54,55]. | – | PMA_HU | |
Lumbar dorsal muscle area: combined area muscle contained within the region posterior to the spine and ribs, no more lateral than the lateral-most edges of the erector spinae muscles (includes latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum, and erector spinae muscles), in mm2 [56,57,58,59]. | Atlas-based [60], thresholding-based [61], fuzzy C-means [62, 63] | LDMA | |
Lumbar dorsal muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the dorsal muscles, in HU [63, 64]. | – | LDMA_HU | |
Total lumbar muscle area: combined area of the psoas, rectus abdominis, pyramidalis, transversus abdominis, internal and external oblique, plus the dorsal muscle area, in mm2 [31, 56, 64–66] | TLMA | ||
Total lumbar muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the lumbar muscles, in HU [69]. | – | TLMA_HU | |
Muscle (thoracic) − 129 to + 150 HU | Total thoracic muscle area: combined area of the pectoralis, intercostal and paraspinal muscles, in mm2 [70,71,72,73]. | FEM-based [74] | TTLMA |
Total thoracic muscle attenuation: mean attenuation value within the lumbar muscles, in HU (ND). | – | TTLMA_HU | |
Fat (lumbar) −190 to − 30 HU | Visceral fat area: total area of intraperitoneal fat, in mm2 [31, 54, 55, 75,76,77,78,79]. | Fuzzy C-means [80], fuzzy affinity [81], thresholding [82], separation mask [83], polar projection ([84], edge linking [85], other [86] | VFA |
Visceral fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the visceral fat, in HU [51, 53, 87,88,89,90,91,92,93]. | – | VFA_HU | |
Subcutaneous fat area: total area of fat tissue between the skin and abdominal/back wall, in mm2 [31, 51, 54, 55]. | SFA | ||
Subcutaneous fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the subcutaneous fat, in HU [53, 87,88,89,90,91]. | – | SFA_HU | |
Total abdominal fat area: combined area of visceral and subcutaneous fat tissue, plus intramuscular fat, in mm2 [93]. | – | TAA | |
Total abdominal fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the abdominal fat, in HU (ND). | – | TAA_HU | |
Fat (thoracic) − 190 to − 30 HU | Epicardial fat area: fat located between the heart and the pericardium, in mm2 [94,95,96,97,98,99,100]. | Random forest [101, 102], geodesic active contours [103], fuzzy C-means [104], other [105] | EFA |
Epicardial fat attenuation: mean attenuation value within the epicardial fat, in HU [106] | – | EFA_HU |