Figure 1

Image processing pipeline used to analyze immunohistochemically stained tumoroid cross section images. After the tumoroid cross sections were digitized at 40 ×, different tissue components were identified using unsupervised clustering and classification. Using the spatial distribution of pixels associated with positively and negatively stained cells, the staining patterns were identified. At the same time, the spatial distributions of DNA-rich pixels were analyzed and individual DNA spots were identified.