Three-dimensional drip infusion CT cholangiography in patients with suspected obstructive biliary disease: a retrospective analysis of feasibility and adverse reaction to contrast material.

Table 4 Published studies on the frequency of adverse reactions at infusion of iotroxate at intravenous cholangiography. Included are all studies with at least 100 patients using an infusion time of at least 30 min. The severity of the reactions is graded as reported. The number in superscript denotes the corresponding reference.

	No. of Patients	Total	Minor	Intermediate	Severe
Nilsson 1987¹¹	1 446	49 (3.4%)	41 (2.9%)	5 (0.35%)	3 (0.21%)
Daly 1987³¹	286	4 (1.4%)	4 (1.4%)	0	0
Joyce 1991³²	100	2 (2.0%)	2 (2.0%)	0	0
Wigmore 1993³³	100	0	0	0	0
Patel 1993³⁴	113	3 (2.7%)	3 (2.7%)	0	0
Grunshaw 1993³⁵	137	4 (2.9%)	3 (2.2%)	1 (0.7%)	0
^ASacharias 1995³⁶	1 061	11 (1.0%)		11 ^A (1.0%)	0
Kwon 1998¹⁶	440	2 (0.5%)	2 (0.5%)	0	0
Kitami 2006³⁷	220	3 (1.4%)	3 (1.5%)	0	0
Okada 2005¹⁷	432	4 (0.9%	4 (0.9%)	0	0
Hirao 2000²²	120	2 (1.7%)	2 (1.7%)	0	0
^BTakamatsu 2004³⁸	132	1 (0.8%)	1 (0.8%)	0	0
Total	4587	85	65	17	3
Frequency (95% confidence limits)		1.9% (1.5%–2.2%)	1.4% (1.1%–1.8%	0.4% (0.2%–0.5%)	0.1% (0–0.1%)

^ANo difference was made between minor and intermediate adverse events.
^B The infusion time was 25–30 min. The number of complications in the article was reported by personal communication.

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