Table 3 Observer agreement: kappa statistics (95% confidence intervals)
Radiographic features | Davies 1996[10] | Simpson 1974[14] | Coakley 1996[8] | Kramer 1992[12] | Crain 1991[9] | McCarthy 1981[15] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inter-observer variation | ||||||
Consolidation | 0.79 | |||||
Pneumonia | 0.46 (0.34–0.58) 0.47 (0.35–0.60) | |||||
Collapse/consolidation | 0.83 (0.72–0.94) | |||||
Collapse/atelectasis | 0.78 | |||||
Hyperinflation/air trapping | 0.83 | 0.78 (0.67–0.89) | ||||
Peribronchial/ bronchial wall thickening | 0.55 | 0.55 (0.44–0.66) | 0.43 (0.25–0.61) | |||
Perihilar linear opacities | 0.82 | |||||
Abnormal | 0.61 (0.48–0.74) | |||||
Bacterial vs. viral etiology | 0.27–0.38 | |||||
Intra-observer variation | ||||||
Consolidation | 0.91 | |||||
Collapse/atelectasis | 0.86 | |||||
Hyperinflation/air trapping | 0.85 | |||||
Peribronchial /bronchial wall thickening | 0.76 | |||||
Perihilar linear opacities | 0.87 |