Fig. 4

The results of H&E staining. A Renal cortex, B Renal outer stripe of the renal outer medulla, and C Renal inner stripe of the renal outer medulla; 400 × magnification. A White arrow, normal renal glomerulus of cortex; B and C, the swollen tubular epithelial cells (black arrow), dilated renal tubules (yellow arrow), profile of inflammation cells in tubulointerstitial (red arrow), urate crystals in tubulointerstitial (green arrow), and pathological changes gradually aggravated over time; less severe renal tubular injury and declined infiltration of inflammation cells can be observed in the AP and AP + EM groups. CON, control; HUA, hyperuricemia; AP, allopurinol; AP + EM, allopurinol + empagliflozin; base, basement