From: Analysis of the three-dimensional anatomical variance of the distal radius using 3D shape models
Female | Female left | Female right | Male | Male left | Male right | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distal | Width | Mean ± SD | 29.0 ± 2.1 | 28.7 ± 1.9 | 29.4 ± 2.4 | 33.0 ± 2.1 | 32.5 ± 2.1 | 33.5 ± 2.1 |
Range | 24.0–35.0 | 24.0–32.7 | 26.1–35.0 | 28.5–37.6 | 28.5–37.6 | 29.0–37.5 | ||
Depth | Mean ± SD | 21.0 ± 1.7 | 20.8 ± 1.7 | 21.2 ± 1.6 | 23.8 ± 1.4 | 23.5 ± 1.3 | 24.0 ± 1.5 | |
Range | 17.3–24.7 | 17.3–24.7 | 18.9–24.6 | 21.0–26.3 | 21.8–26.3 | 21.0–26.2 | ||
Perimeter | Mean ± SD | 86.1 ± 6.1 | 84.9 ± 4.6 | 87.5 ± 7.4 | 96.5 ± 6.0 | 94.9 ± 5.8 | 98.2 ± 5.9 | |
Range | 76.9–102.7 | 77.4–94.5 | 76.8–102.7 | 85.7–110.0 | 86.8–106.1 | 85.7–110.0 | ||
Area | Mean ± SD | 472.6 ± 70.2 | 464.0 ± 67.1 | 483.2 ± 74.5 | 593.1 ± 62.1 | 573.3 ± 57.4 | 612.9 ± 61.4 | |
Range | 302.3–663.4 | 302.3–591.9 | 384.1–663.4 | 477.9–717.0 | 477.9–685.0 | 478.3–717.0 | ||
Middle | Width | Mean ± SD | 28.2 ± 2.3 | 27.9 ± 1.9 | 28.6 ± 2.8 | 31.2 ± 2.2 | 30.9 ± 1.8 | 31.4 ± 2.6 |
Range | 24.3–34.2 | 24.6–31.9 | 24.3–34.2 | 25.9–37.5 | 27.4–34.8 | 25.9–37.5 | ||
Depth | Mean ± SD | 19.5 ± 1.8 | 19.4 ± 1.6 | 19.6 ± 2.0 | 21.6 ± 1.7 | 21.5 ± 1.4 | 21.7 ± 2.0 | |
Range | 16.3–23.2 | 16.3–22.3 | 16.3–23.2 | 18.5–26.6 | 19.4–24.8 | 18.5–26.6 | ||
Perimeter | Mean ± SD | 81.5 ± 7.0 | 80.4 ± 5.4 | 82.9 ± 8.5 | 90.4 ± 6.7 | 89.3 ± 5.6 | 91.5 ± 7.6 | |
Range | 68.5–99.5 | 72.7–91.2 | 68.5–99.5 | 75.1–107.5 | 79.5–100.8 | 75.1–107.5 | ||
Area | Mean ± SD | 427.5 ± 69.3 | 421.0 ± 60.8 | 435.6 ± 79.7 | 516.9 ± 67.7 | 507.2 ± 57.4 | 526.6 ± 76.6 | |
Range | 315.5–586.9 | 337.6–556.9 | 315.5–586.9 | 372.3–706.9 | 427.3–669.1 | 372.3–706.9 | ||
Proximal | Width | Mean ± SD | 26.3 ± 2.4 | 26.0 ± 2.1 | 26.5 ± 2.7 | 28.6 ± 2.4 | 28.5 ± 2.0 | 28.7 ± 2.7 |
Range | 21.4–31.8 | 21.4–30.2 | 22.0–31.8 | 23.4–35.8 | 24.9–33.3 | 23.4–35.8 | ||
Depth | Mean ± SD | 17.2 ± 1.7 | 17.2 ± 1.6 | 17.2 ± 1.9 | 18.6 ± 1.9 | 18.6 ± 1.6 | 18.7 ± 2.3 | |
Range | 13.7–20.6 | 14.8–20.1 | 13.7–20.6 | 15.4–25.7 | 16.7–23.3 | 15.4–25.7 | ||
Perimeter | Mean ± SD | 73.4 ± 7.4 | 72.8 ± 6.3 | 74.1 ± 8.7 | 79.7 ± 7.7 | 79.1 ± 6.6 | 80.3 ± 8.8 | |
Range | 59.9–92.1 | 63.1–85.3 | 59.9–92.1 | 64.1–106.0 | 70.1–97.7 | 64.1–106.0 | ||
Area | Mean ± SD | 353.2 ± 66.0 | 352.3 ± 63.9 | 354.3 ± 70.4 | 416.0 ± 71.4 | 410.7 ± 62.4 | 421.4 ± 80.4 | |
Range | 242.7–486.8 | 254.2–486.8 | 242.7–479.2 | 280.7–640.8 | 328.1–612.0 | 280.7–640.8 |